Browsing by Author "Muhammad Saleem"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Automatic intelligent car air conditioner controler
    (University of Management and Technology, 2012) Tabish Sohail Butt; Sarmad Tanveer; Muhammad Saleem
    DURING hot summer periods, your car’s air-conditioner works quite hard to keep cabin temperatures cool. As a result, fuel consumption increases due to the extra load imposed on the engine by the air-conditioning system – or more specifically, by its compressor. But that’s not all – the extra load imposed on the engine by the compressor is readily noticed when travelling up hills, particularly in smaller four cylinder cars. In order to get around this problem, many drivers manually switch off the air-conditioner to ensure extra power during hill climbing or when overtaking. It’s almost like giving the car a mini ‘turbo boost’. On some new cars, this can even happen automatically. These cars have a ‘wide open throttle’ (WOT) cutout relay and this automatically switches off the air conditioner’s compressor during high throttle conditions. If you wanted to maximize engine performance, you would only turn the air-conditioner on when going down hills or when slowing down. That way, the air-conditioner compressor could be used as a brake that converts the energy into cooling the cabin rather than being wasted as heat in the brakes or via engine braking. In practice, of course, it’s quite impractical for the driver to continually switch the air-conditioner on and off. In any case, the compressor would also have to run for at least some of the time on a relatively fl at road in order to keep the cabin temperature at a comfortable level on very hot days
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    Capacitive and resistive type bi-modal relative humidity sensor based on 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatonickel (II) (TPPNi) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite
    (UMT, Lahore, 2021) Muhammad Saleem
    The selection of the appropriate sensing material and efficient manufacturing methodology is needed to develop an acceptable approach for the production of thin film-based moisture sensors with better electronic sensitivities. Organic semiconductors and their nano-composite have the potential for relative humidity sensing applications since they have a controllable pore size, a broad variety of manufacturing methods, ease of fabrication, and low cost The use of organic semiconductor 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatonickel (II) (TPPNi) – Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite (TPPNi-ZnO) to build ultra-sensitive humidity sensors has been studied in this work utilizing a unique eco-friendly microwave-assisted synthesis method. The organic semiconductor (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatonickel (II) (TPPNi)) and metal oxide (Zinc Oxide (ZnO)) has been synthesized separately and deposited through facile drop-casting technique on the separation (40 μm) between the pair of aluminum (Al) electrodes. The metallic electrode thus formed a surface type resistive and capacitive type humidity sensor (Al/TPPNi-ZnO/Al). The photophysical properties of humidity sensing active layer (TPPNi - ZnO) has been studied by using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and the structural and morphological has been examined by XRD and FESEM, which shows amorphous structure and rough globular surface morphology of the active surface thin film. The relative humidity sensing capacitive and resistive characteristics of the humidity sensor have been explored by exposing it to various wide range relative humidity (%RH) levels (40 - 85 %RH). The fabricated sensor under biasing condition of 1V of applied bias (Vrms) and 500 Hz AC test frequency, exhibits significantly higher sensitivity of ~ 387.03 pF/%RH and 95.79 kΩ/%RH in capacitive and resistive mode of operation. The average response time and recovery time of this resistive sensor have evaluated to be ~ 30 s, each. The reasons of this achieved sensitivity and response level has also been discussed.
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    Challenges of industrial worker in the schooling of their children
    (University of Management and Technolog, 2017) Muhammad Saleem
    Basic education is fundamental right of every human social, economic and personal development. The educational statistics represented that Pakistanfailed to meet all commitments.This study explores the “challenges of industrial worker in the schooling of their children”. The research method was quantitative in nature. A questionnaire was formulated for this study. In this study industrial worker(n=300) from the Gujranwala city selected for the survey. The results of the quantitative survey were analyzed through SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were calculated. ANOVA was used to calculate the significance between socioeconomic status and industrial workers' attitude towards the schooling of their children. The correlationwas used to find the correlation between workers' attitude towards the schooling of their children, attitude towards teachers, economic barriers, and school infrastructure. However, it was concluded that workers' attitude affected by these factors then ultimately schooling of their children was affected. The social status of the workers has great influence on the schooling of workers' children. Results represented that Industrial workers' attitude towards education was strongly correlated and there is a strong relationship between cost/economic barriers, Industrial workers' attitude towards teachers and with current school infrastructure. Finally, it was revealed that industrial worker faces a lot of problems in the schooling of their children. Further researches can be conducted to find out the basic needs of the industrial workers in the schooling of their children in Punjab (Pakistan).
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    The first report of hepatitis b virus prevalence in skardu, gilgit baltistan: a neglected area of Pakistan
    (Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2018) Ali Raza; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Sohail Afzal
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    Short range communication using visible light
    (University of Management and Technolog, 2017) Mian Zeeshan Akbar; Zubair Ali Khan; Muhammad Saleem
    Goals of this project are to study and optimize short range communication using visible light for increased data rates and less noise. Using light instead of conventional means of communication can help in reduce problems relating healthcare. Using LED instead of SONAR can help reduce threat to marine life, while increasing data transfer rate and minimizing noise caused by water for conventional communication instruments. This thesis will give information and follow through of a system which will allow electromagnetic radio signal to be converted into modulated light signal with frequency shifting modulation and transmitting it with the help of crystal LED. Modulated optical signal can then be transmitted into a photo diode to demodulate received signal back into electromagnetic signal. It can replace all conventional means of communication in future if more LEDs of high intensity are manufactured.
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    Study of cosmic acceleration and relativistic stellar
    (UMT Lahore, 2025-07-01) Muhammad Saleem
    This thesis investigates suitable candidates for dark energy by exploring phenomena like cosmic acceleration through cosmological parameters and cosmic coincidence problems by thermodynamical analysis. We consider the fractal universe model with a timelike fractal profile in the flat FRW universe model and check the thermodynamic stability of various dark energy models. These dark energy models include the family of Chaplygin gas models (such as generalized Chaplygin gas, modified Chaplygin gas, generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas, variable modified Chaplygin gas) and parameterized equation of state (Chevallier-Polarski-Linder) model. To check the stability of these models in a fractal framework thermodynamically, we construct a total equation of state parameters for each case. The conditions to check the stability of models depending on some thermodynamic quantities yield three conditions on this parameter. We graphically check the behavior of the equation of state parameter along with the stability of each model. It is concluded that the dark energy models are thermodynamically stable under appropriate choices of model parameters. In the framework of f(P) gravity, we examine the nature of the cosmological parameters by choosing the different models of f(P) gravity at past, present, and future epochs. It is found that the equation of state parameter leads to quintessence behavior and also its ranges lie within Planck data constraints. The square speed of sound leads to instability in the linear f(P) model while giving stable behavior in the non-linear f(P) model. We study the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and observe that it holds while failing for the non-linear f(P) model, respectively. However, the thermal equilibrium condition holds for both f(P) models. Moreover, we use deflection angle formalism to study the thermal stability and phase transitions of 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS black hole in the presence of exponential entropy. We examine the phase structure of the black hole through optical aspects by using the elliptic function analysis. We observe that thermal variation of the deflection angle can be used to obtain stable and unstable phases. We also study the Hawking-Page phase transition from the Gibbs free energy optical dependence using exponential corrected entropy. The particular points of the deflection angle yield transition for large black holes and small black holes. Our Gibbs free energy versus deflection angle behavior confirmed that to obtain the critical behavior of AdS black holes the deflection angle can be utilized as a relevant quantity. Thermodynamic geometry of 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS black hole is also discussed in the presence of corrected exponential entropy.