Browsing by Author "Muhammad Rehan Saleem"

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    Maximum power point tracking of solar power system
    (UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Rehan Saleem; Muhammad Furqan; Fazal Wadood Bhatti
    Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and inexhaustible. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the maximum power point (MPP). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control the dc/dc converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The method is based on use of a Incremental conductance of the PV to determine an optimum operating current for the maximum output power. Algorithms for seeking the maximum power point are grouped as either direct or indirect methods. The indirect methods (‘‘quasi seeks’’) have the particular feature that the MPP is estimated from the measures of the PV generator’s voltage and current PV, the irradiance, or using empiric data, by mathematical expressions of numerical approximations. Therefore, the estimation is carried out for a specific PV generator installed in the system. Thus, they do not obtain the maximum power for any irradiance or temperature and none of them are able to obtain the MPP exactly. Subsequently, they are known as ‘‘quasi seeks’’. Nevertheless, the direct methods (‘‘true seeking methods’’) can also be distinguished. They offer the advantage that they obtain the actual maximum power from the measures of the PV generator’s voltage and current PV. In that case, they are suitable for any irradiance and temperature. All algorithms, direct and indirect, can be included in some of the DC/DC converters, Maximum power point tracking (MPPTs), for the stand-alone systems.