Browsing by Author "Muhammad Rehan Afzal"

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    Evaluation of secondary optical elements for concentrated photovoltaic system
    (UMT.Lahore, 2019) Muhammad Rehan Afzal
    The Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) systems are typically based on the Fresnel lens, refractive Secondary Optical Elements (SOEs), and Multi Junction Solar Cells (MJSCs). The CPV System is an excellent approach to minimize the cost of Photovoltaic (PV) technology. In this work, a detailed optical modeling is applied to analyze the performance of four Fresnel lens based CPV systems equipped with different SOEs while considering the sub cells current density generation. This modeling allows to establishing the sub cell current limitation and the Spectral Matching Ratio (SMR), values in each case. The following refractive SOEs have been used for simulating the CPV units: (i) Refractive Truncated Pyramid (RTP) (ii) Dielectric Cross Compound Parabolic Concentrator (DCCPC), (iii) Trumpet and (iv) Spherical Domed. The SOE is used in CPV Systems with Fresnel lens to increase the optical efficiency by catching refracted sun light which missed by the receiver, better the tracking tolerance (acceptance angle) and enhance the flux uniformity on the MJSC. Four different SOEs are designed, analyzed and compared under same Fresnel lens based on their optical performances and manufacturing cost. Keywords: Solar Energy, Photovoltaic, Concentrated Photovoltaic System, Solar Concentrators, Solar Tracking System.
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    tourisma
    (Umt Lahore, 2017) Syed Adeel Haider Kazmi; Muhammad Rehan Afzal; Rana Gohar Ghaffar
    Tourist and Visitors are very important for the country they come to explore different beautiful hill stations and historical places of any country. As we know when tourists and visitors come to a new place they don’t know where to go and where are the places to explore. It is difficult to ask the people about the places because some of the people know about the place but some don’t know about them. Some tourist guiders takes money from the tourists and visitors in order to visit the places. The purpose of this project is to develop an application for the tourist which reduce difficulties in exploring places. In this application we add an information of different tourist places like northern areas of Pakistan and different historical places of Pakistan. This application also includes the information of parks, restaurants, hotels and travel companies. A tourist can find it’s location through GPS and can find different nearby places like restaurants, parks, hotels and events. Tourist can also give feedback about the places he visited and travel company tour packages.
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    Wireless power theft monitoring system
    (University of Management and Technology, 2013) Muhammad Rehan Afzal; Farrukh Zaman; Waseem Ahmad
    The demand for electrical energy is ever increasing and the powerutilities are facing many universal problems like tampering, highperson dependency, inability to monitor discrete loads, lack ofknowledge of line losses and demand analysis etc. WAPDA'spresent meter reading system is based on meter readers in whichrisk of wrong and fake readings cannot be neglected and it's alsovery time consuming. In this Project Prepaid Energy metering hasbeen introduced to recharge units instantly. In addition to this it isalso capable of Power Theft control which is very efficient and caneasily detect power theft. Central Base Station Continuouslymonitor the system and whole system communicates using GSMtechnology.