Browsing by Author "Muhammad Ramzan"

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    A framework for multiclass unusual activities recognition using deep learning
    (UMT Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Ramzan
    In the current era, automatic surveillance has become an important research challenge because of its numerous real-world implications for maintaining peace and order. Surveillance cameras have been used for monitoring human activities, behavior, and other changing information for over a decade. Recognizing human activities from surveillance videos has evolved into an active and progressive research area in computer vision and machine learning due to various challenges including environmental effects and various camera configurations. This study proposes a multiclass framework using deep learning for unusual activity recognition in video streams more efficiently and with better results than the existing system. The four basic types of activities are group-based activities, interactions, actions, and gestures. The activity's complexity and duration primarily determine this classification. The current research focuses on detecting unusual behaviors in three activities: actions, interactions, and group activities. In this research, the unusual behavior of the driver is chosen as a case study for the action category, unfair means in the exam for the interaction category, and violent activity detection for group activities. The state-of-the-art unusual activity detection techniques are explained in detail. Second, for each category, the existing methods are examined. Third, the pros and cons of various techniques are explored and comparatively analyzed. The outcome of these activities is discussed using various experimental setups and proposed models. The results of the first case study, driver drowsiness detection, are based on two experimental configurations. In the first experimentation, deep learning, machine learning, and hybrid model are proposed for unusual behavior recognition and classification. The YawDD publicly available dataset used, has an accuracy of 97.42 % for machine learning, 99.43 for deep learning, and 99.64 % for hybrid-based techniques. In the second experimental setup, various pre-trained models such as VGG19, ResNet101, VGG16, Inception-v3, and viii proposed CNN are utilized for real-time surveillance videos on newly created datasets. This dataset consists of five classes (Driver-Drinking, Driver-Eating, Driver-smoking, DriverNormal, and Driver-Calling). The accuracy achieved by ResNet101 89%, VGG-16 93 %, VGG-19 93.5%, Inception-V3 94% and proposed-CNN 95%. The second research problem, detect unfair means during exams, such as cheating activities among students has taken. The creation of the dataset is a considerable contribution to this research. The datasets include two types of exams: online and physical. The proposed Automatic Unusual Activity Recognition (AUAR) method uses motion-based frame extraction approaches to extract keyframes before applying advanced deep learning. We proposed 2D-CNN and 3D CNN architectures for physical exam activities and proposed CNN with pre-trained deep learning models for online exam activities to detect suspicious activities. For online exams, including four classes, accuracy was achieved: DenseNet 86 %, InceptionResnetV2 81%, Inception-V3 72%, and Proposed-CNN 94%. The YOLO-V5 has a few different performance measures, which include: precision 95.54%, mAP_0.5 95.40%, mAP_0.5:0.95 84.65%, and recall 93.16%. For the physical exam, Accuracy achieved 76% for machine learning based and 75 %, 77% for 2D-CNN and 3D-CNN models. In the group bases category, the proposed model includes pre-trained models and sequential CNN. The pre-trained models include Inception V4, ResNet-101, VGG16, and Inception_ResNet_V2 for classifying violent activities. The main assessments are performed using three standard available datasets: Hockey Fight, Movie’s dataset, and the Crowd Violence dataset (CVD). On the Hockey fight, Movie, and CVD datasets the system accuracy by using the proposed Sequential CNN obtained 98.26 %, 98.22 %, and 98.83 %. For Inception-V4, the results achieved 99.05%, 98.25%, and 97.70%, respectively. Finally, the thesis concludes with key considerations and future research directions
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    Effects of assistive devices on the performance of children with hearing impairment in punjab
    (UMT, Lahore, 2014) Ehsaan Nullah; Muhammad Ramzan
    The present study intended to investigate about the effects of assistive devices on the performance of children with hearing impairment in Punjab. The purpose of the study was to highlight the effects of assistive devices on the performance of children with hearing impairment. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 50 teachers of children with hearing impairment of eighteen different schools from eleven district of the Punjab. The objectives of the study were to find out the effectiveness of the assistive devices for hearing impaired students, investigate the barriers in the way to use assistive technology for children with hearing impairment, highlight the need for training of teachers to use assistive devices, find out what knowledge and skills are required to facilitate the use of Assistive Technology and to investigate the factors that encourage the use of assistive technology. The study conclude that the use of assistive technology is immensely important for better academic, linguistic, intellectual, social and emotional development of the children with hearing impairment.
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    Vat Discharge printing on cotton with reactive dye
    (University of Management and Technology, 2013) Muhammad Ramzan; Abdul Qadeer
    Discharge Printing is one of the recently generated printing. This print is a style of printing.Structure of discharge print is different from others printing styles. The main difference which distinguish it from others styles is the use of reducing agents. Sodium hydro sulfite was used as a reducing agent. The discharge print fabric has good textured. The faults arising in this printing style is due to the conditions which are not suitable for this. Discharge fabrics were preprocessed by different dyeing methods (i.e. exhaust and continuous) to apply discharge effects. Two different types of this style is discussed white discharge, and color discharge. There were no Cross-linking agents (binders used in pigment printing) applied before and after printing. The discharge paste is printed on to the dyed fabric and, usually during subsequent steaming; the dye in the pattern area is discharged. A white discharge is thus produced. Discharge is usually a water-based screen printing method. The majority of the ink has a water based component as its base. Water-based discharge prints can achieve the opacity of plastisol in addition to a very soft hand on dark-colored garments. It enables light, brighter colors to be obtained on a dark ground and Very sharp features like fine outlines, dots, raster etc., can be produced with total clarity, without any smudging (due to overlapping of contact colors) or outfitting problems normally faced by direct style of printing. The effect, clarity, distinction, richness and aesthetic appeal obtained add value for discharge printing. It is an expensive process with two stage application involved in dyeing or padding and discharge printing and most important results was Limited choice of ground and motif colors. Only dischargeable dyes can be discharged by this method. But in the color discharge printing we use different type of the color. When we use the vat dye color in the discharge printing that is little bit different form the white discharge in the vat discharge print cycle is print, dry, chemical pad, flash ageing, and Re- oxidation then washing.
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    Vat Discharge printing on cotton with reactive dye
    (UMT.Lahore, 2013) Muhammad Ramzan; Abdul Qadeer
    Discharge Printing is one of the recently generated printing. This print is a style of printing.Structure of discharge print is different from others printing styles. The main difference which distinguish it from others styles is the use of reducing agents. Sodium hydro sulfite was used as a reducing agent. The discharge print fabric has good textured. The faults arising in this printing style is due to the conditions which are not suitable for this. Discharge fabrics were preprocessed by different dyeing methods (i.e. exhaust and continuous) to apply discharge effects. Two different types of this style is discussed white discharge, and color discharge. There were no Cross-linking agents (binders used in pigment printing) applied before and after printing. The discharge paste is printed on to the dyed fabric and, usually during subsequent steaming; the dye in the pattern area is discharged. A white discharge is thus produced.
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    Vat dye printing on cellulosic fabric with reactive dye
    (UMT, Lhr, 2013) Muhammad Ramzan; Muhammad Usman Akhtar; Abdul Qadeer
    Discharge Printing is one of the recently generated printing. This print is a style of printing.Structure of discharge print is different from others printing styles. The main difference which distinguish it from others styles is the use of reducing agents. Sodium hydro sulfite was used as a reducing agent. The discharge print fabric has good textured. The faults arising in this printing style is due to the conditions which are not suitable for this. Discharge fabrics were preprocessed by different dyeing methods (i.e. exhaust and continuous) to apply discharge effects. Two different types of this style is discussed white discharge, and color discharge. There were no Cross-linking agents (binders used in pigment printing) applied before and after printing. The discharge paste is printed on to the dyed fabric and, usually during subsequent steaming; the dye in the pattern area is discharged. A white discharge is thus produced.Discharge is usually a water-based screen printing method. The majority of the ink has a water based component as its base. Water-based discharge prints can achieve the opacity of plastisol in addition to a very soft hand on dark-colored garments. It enables light, brighter colors to be obtained on a dark ground and Very sharp features like fine outlines, dots, raster etc., can be produced with total clarity, without any smudging (due to overlapping of contact colors) or outfitting problems normally faced by direct style of printing. The effect, clarity, distinction, richness and aesthetic appeal obtained add value for discharge printing. It is an expensive process with two stage application involved in dyeing or padding and discharge printing and most important results was Limited choice of ground and motif colors. Only dischargeable dyes can be discharged by this method. But in the color discharge printing we use different type of the color. When we use the vat dye color in the discharge printing that is little bit different form the white discharge in the vat discharge print cycle is print, dry, chemical pad, flash ageing, and Re- oxidation then washing.