Browsing by Author "Muhammad Qasim"

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    All about health and wellness
    (UMT, Lahore, 2018) Muhammad Qasim
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    Automatic soft starting control of single phase induction motor
    (University of Management and Technology, 5/24/2013) Adnan Akram; Muhammad Qasim; Umar Zafar, Muhammad
    The electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is the workhorse of motion industry, and when the output speed of the motor is controlled by changing its input frequency, and then the drive is called variable speed drive or variable frequency drive. Presently, it is just the combination of a motor and a controller. Drives can be classified as... 1) DC Drives 2) AC Drives The control of dc motors requires providing a variable dc voltage which can be obtained from dc choppers or controlled rectifiers. These voltage controllers are simple and less expensive. DC motors are relatively expensive and require more maintenance due to brushes and commutates. While the control of AC drives require complex control algorithms by microprocessors or by microcomputers commonly known as controllers. The AC motors have number of advantages e.g. 1) They are 20% to 40% lighter than equivalent dc motors. 2) Applications of variable speed ac motors with inverter control include crane hoists, blowers, pumps and textile plants etc. Induction motor control is complex due to its nonlinear characteristics. The speed and torque of induction motors can be controlled by following methods, a) Stator voltage control b) Voltage control Rotor c) Frequency control d) Stator Voltage and frequency control e) Stator current control f) Voltage, Current and Frequency control In this project we have controlled the speed of induction motor by stator voltage and frequency control method using AVR micro microcontroller. The complete circuit consists of two parts; stator voltage control circuit and frequency control circuit. The stator voltage control circuit consists of PWM Program, Gate Drivers and Opto-couplers and frequency control circuit consist of proximity sensor.
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    Pak Real Estate
    (UMT Lahore, 2014) Muhammad Qasim; Muhammad Bilal Shabbir; Muhammad Ibrahim
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    Scope of China International Commercial Court for the settlement of international commercial disputes under Belt and Road Initiative.
    (UMT Lahore, 2025-04-09) Muhammad Qasim
    The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategic economic development plan of the People's Republic of China (PRC) that runs through the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa to promote foreign trade and outbound investment by expanding regional markets, facilitating regional cooperation and economic integration. It is a comprehensive trade-cum-development deal that establishes economic and strategic connectivity between countries as well as regions. China is making long term and commercially viable investments in under BRI through Chinese enterprises in the light of goals of BRI to establish policy coordination, connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people to people exchanges. It has resulted in more frequent cross border commercial transactions between the Chinese and International enterprises which include trade, investment, transfer of technology, intellectual property protection, mergers, division and acquisition of enterprises, sale and purchase of equipment, assignment of concessions, etc. In such an enormous economic cooperation, multibillions investment and increase of commercial activities and transactions, international commercial disputes are expected between enterprises. An expeditious and efficient mechanism for resolving international commercial disputes is required to protect the rights and interests of the participating enterprises otherwise these disputes can distract and destroy businesses and economic relationships. If these commercial transactions will not be guaranteed, it will frustrate the expectation of BRI. Taking into consideration the impact of the potential disputes relating to international commercial activities and transactions under BRI, this dissertation deals with the settlement of international commercial disputes which may be faced by commercial entities. Detailed research has been conducted on the existing system for the ix resolution of international commercial disputes under BRI. Starting with the general introduction of BRI, the research in hand highlights the China International Commercial Court (CICC) has been evaluated as a Chinese forum for the settlement of international commercial disputes under BRI. The Supreme People's Court (SPC) of China contemplated and designed CICC as a diversified dispute resolution mechanism that effectively connects litigation, mediation, and arbitration in the form of 'One-Stop' dispute resolution institution keeping in view the scope of BRI. CICC has lauded as a visionary step toward an innovative, effective and trustworthy dispute resolution mechanism. The advent of CICC represents strategic meanings for BRI to protect the rights and interests of Chinese companies and foreign enterprises. The significant factors of CICC are the positive steps for the implementation of BRI, efficiency, convenience, diversified dispute resolution mechanism, internationalization, innovative system, professionalism, party autonomy, procedural flexibility and utilization of advanced technology. Despite China's ambitious plans, CICC also faces some challenges that include the enforcement of judgments in other countries, fixed jurisdictional approach, use of language, and representation of parties by foreign counsels. Subsequent, some suggestions will be proposed for the effective resolution of international commercial disputes under BRI.