Browsing by Author "Muhammad Hamza Umer"

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Utilization of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and chicken waste oil in triple-blend formulations with nanoparticles for evaluating engine performance, economic viability, and emission characteristics
    (UMT Lahore, 2025-09-11) Muhammad Hamza Umer; Muhammad Mubashir; Ali Yazdan Haider
    The demand for sustainable, cleaner-burning diesel substitutes has accelerated due to growing environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel supplies. This study investigates the production and performance analysis of biodiesel made from chicken waste oil (CWO) and waste cooking oil (WCO) blended in different ratios with conventional petroleum diesel. Additionally, a critical analysis was conducted on the effects of incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles, specifically Fe₂O₃ and CuO, on engine performance, emission behavior, and economic viability. According to the results without nanoparticles, the optimal performance was achieved at 60/40 (Diesel/ Biodiesel) blend ratio; however, further increase in the biodiesel content resulted in reduced efficiency. The addition of nanoparticles improved combustion quality and engine performance, with 50/50 blends delivering the best results. According to emission analysis, harmful gases such as NOₓ, CO, CO₂, and SO₂ were significantly reduced in all blends tested with nanoparticles. Economically, Fe₂O₃-based biodiesel blends showed lower production costs (USD 2.594/L) with a 50/50 blend than CuO-based blends (USD 3.757/L) with a 50/50 blend, indicating greater feasibility. Large-scale nanoparticle synthesis and biodiesel refining could reduce the cost of this solution, although the production cost is still higher than pure diesel. This strategy has two environmental benefits; it reduces the impact of waste oil disposal and reliance on fossil fuels. Future directions include investigating inexpensive, environmentally friendly nanoparticles and incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time engine control and emissions tracking. Index Terms: Chicken waste oil biodiesel (CWO), Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, Emission analysis, Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles, Performance characteristics, Sustainable energy, Waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO).