Browsing by Author "Muhammad Bashir"

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    Evaluation of the null theories of intra-sentential code-switching: evidence from Balti-English code-switching
    (University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2017) Muhammad Bashir
    The present research study tries to evaluates the empirical adequacy of the Null Theory of intra-sentential code-switching (CS) presented by Mahootian and Santorini (1996) and Chan (2008) from Balti-English Code Switched Corpus. This research study exploits through corpus of Balti-English CS. In this research study 36 ‘balanced' Balti-English bilinguals has been participated which were divided into 8 groups. Conversation on specific topic has been assigned in natural setting. The data was recorded via conversation and was transcribed in Roman Script. The transcribed data was analysed against Mahootian and Santorini (1996) and Chan (2008) models. However, the analysis of the data reveals that N and V being lexical heads do not determined the placement of respective complement. Thus, the corpus of Balti-English CS is not compatible to the proposals offered by Mahootian (1996) and Santorini (1996) and provided multiple instances which demonstrate the empirical inadequacy of the model presented by Mahootian and Santorini (1996). Unlike Mahootian's, in Chan's (2008) model instead of lexical heads the functional category controls the head parameters values. Also this model does not support empirical outcomes in Balti and English CS patterns. After evaluation of Mahootian and Santorini (1996) and Chan 2008 models against data from Bali English CS patterns it can be implied that neither lexical heads nor functional head determine the position of its complement. The placement of complements in projections within covert functional heads remained unjustified in Chan's (2008) proposal.