Browsing by Author "Muhammad Ammar"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Accountability of judges of the supreme court of Pakistan
    (UMT.Lahore, 2024) Muhammad Ammar; Mahra Nawaz; Qaise Ahmad Khan; Muhammad Rizwan
    This project explores the accountability of judges of the Superior Court in Pakistan and US bygiving a comparative analysis of the accountability of the judges. This study provides theconstitutional framework and related provisions of the legislature and institutions which governthe accountability process. The forum for accountability of judges in Pakistan is the SupremeJudicial Council (SJC) whereas in US the accountability is held by impeachment processes andother organizations. This research highlights the strength and weakness of each system by goingthrough detailed study of case laws and by looking at the decisions made in those cases. There arefour chapters of this thesis, an in-depth analysis of the constitutional provisions for theaccountability of judges in Pakistan under Articles 209, 210 and 211 of Pakistan constitution ismade in chapter II. The cultural and political contexts which influences the accountability of judgesis also analyzed in this study and the solution to them is mentioned in the recommendations in thelast of the thesis. To make a balance between all the governmental bodies it is very important tokeep a suitable check and balance on them otherwise these branches will have no fear of beinganswerable for the functions they perform.
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    Computing generalized zagreb indices of cycloalkanes
    (UMT Lahore, 2020) Muhammad Ammar
    In this thesis, we will discuss two different types of molecular graphs called cycloalkanes. For these graphs, the vertex and edge partitions with respect to degree and connection number are computed. Mainly, the generalized Zagreb indices of cycloalkanes based on degrees and connection numbers are obtained in terms of their order and size. Moreover, various Zagreb indices such as first Zagreb index, second Zagreb index, forgotten index and redefined index are also found with the help of the obtained generalized Zagreb indices. In consequence of the proved results, different examples are also purposed to illustrate the concepts.
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    Experimental investigations of diesel engine performance using blends of coal to liquid fuel with mineral diesel and analyzing the exhaust emissions of coal derived diesel.
    (UMT Lahore, 2024-08-30) Muhammad Talha; Manjot Singh; Muhammad Ammar
    Scarcity of mineral resources has led to the exploration of alternate fuels such as coal-to-liquid fuels derived from coal. Specifically, a country like Pakistan, rich in coal reserves and still a developing country, cannot solely depend on fuel imports. This paper provides a thorough examination of the testing process for coal-to-liquid fuels derived from the Thar coal reserves. It includes a feasibility analysis and explores the possibilities of these fuels as environmentally friendly alternatives. This study evaluated a diesel engine's emission profiles and engine performance. Additionally, a comparison between coal-to-liquid blends and standard diesel was conducted. With better emission profiles, the results reveal that coal-to-liquid fuels have comparable characteristics and performance to traditional diesel. In the period of engine testing, parameters are Fuel consumption, braking power, and exhaust gasses including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxides, and nitrogen oxide were noticed and recorded among multiple engine testing parameters. Initial testing of the diesel engine used diesel fuel, and all findings were recorded. Secondly, coal-to-liquid fuel was poured into the fuel measuring system, and the engine was run until parameters were recorded. Third, several CTL blends were made using conventional diesel fuel, and then tested on the same diesel engine. This enabled a thorough evaluation of engine efficiency and emission characteristics when comparing coal-to-liquid fuels, their blends, and traditional diesel. Overall, this report sheds light on the understanding of coal-to-liquid fuels, their potential benefits as an alternative to diesel fuel, and the challenges in producing coal-to-liquid fuel for a clean, green, environmentally friendly future.
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    Funoon fragrances advertising campaign
    (UMT, Lahore, 2023) Muhammad Ammar; Bakar Raza; Yumna Amir; Humma Babar Butt
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    Indigenous design and fabrication of hybrid powered automated drain cleaner
    (UMT Lahore, 2024-08-15) Muhammad Ammar; Aziz Ur Rehman; Muhammad Ubaid Aleem
    This project presents a Hybrid Powered Automated Drain Cleaner aimed at improving urban waste management by replacing manual cleaning methods. The system integrates robust mechanical, electronic, and control components, including advanced technologies, to ensure efficient and reliable operation. A detailed 3D model and static structural analysis using SolidWorks guided the design process, with iterative testing validating system functionality. Key Performance Indicators such as waste removal efficiency and environmental impact as well as cost feasibility were prioritized. Despite challenges like high initial costs and maintenance needs, the system demonstrates significant advancements in urban sanitation, promoting environmental sustainability and public health.