Browsing by Author "Muhammad Ajmal"

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    Computational analysis for bioconvection of motile microorganisms in prandtle nanofluid flow across an inclined sheet
    (UMT Lahore, 2022) Muhammad Ajmal
    In the existence of an aligned magnetic Öeld across the inclined stretching shrinking sheet in non-darcy permeable medium,the two dimensional boundary layer áow of prandtl nanoáuid is analyzed. The formulation of partial di§eren- tial equation, which manage the distinctive properties of heat and áow transfer is converted into ordinary di§erential equation by using the appropriate similarity variables. The governing equations are resolved numerically by using the Runge- Kutta method along shooting technique is coded in MATLAB platform.This pro- cedure is widely used for the solution of such problems as it is e¢ cient with cost- e§ectiveness and Öfth order accuracy. The signiÖcance of immerse parameters on the velocity,temperature,concentration and bioconvection are dispose through Ög- ures.Also physical parameters skin friction coe¢ cient and nusselet numbers are demonstrated in table.The declining behavior of the áow velocity against the áuid parameter 1 and the porosity parameter KP and the local inertia coe¢ cient F r these two parameters of Darcy resistance and Darcy forchiemer resistance are responsible for slowing the áuid speed .The áuid temperature is increases with pa- rameters of Brownian motion N b and thermophoresis N t. The increasing values of Brownian motion N b and the Lewis numberLe decreases the concentration of nanoparticles. The ináated inputs of Lewis numberLb and the Peclet number P e declined the bioconvection distribution
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    Exploring the legal structure of cybercrimes in Pakistan
    (UMT Lahore, 2024-08-08) Muhammad Ajmal
    This thesis critically explores the legal structure of cybercrimes in Pakistan, with a focus on analyzing the evolution, challenges, and enforcement of cybercrime legislation, particularly the prevention of electronic crimes act (PECA) 2016. the study begins by examining the global landscape of cybercrime legislation and Pakistan's journey in developing its own legal framework, tracing developments from early digital crimes to the rise of cyberterrorism. it offers a comparative analysis of Pakistan's cybercrime laws with those of the united states, united kingdom, and the European union, highlighting both strengths and shortcomings in Pakistan's approach. key challenges, including enforcement issues, capacity constraints, jurisdictional complexities, privacy threats, and inadequate public awareness, are critically evaluated. the study also provides recommendations for improving the legal framework through comprehensive data protection laws, international cooperation, cybersecurity infrastructure investment, and public-private partnerships. the research concludes with insights into the societal and economic impacts of cybercrime, while proposing pathways for future legal reform and interdisciplinary research
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    A publicly available rgb-d data set of Muslim prayer postures recorded using microsoft kinect for windows
    (Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2014) Bilal Hassan; Usman Akram; Saifullah; Mudassar Naseer; Faizan Ali; Shoaib Akhter; Muhammad Ajmal
    In computer vision applications, availability of dataset for the training and testing of any newly developed system is always a key requirement. Most of the time, people use dataset built by other researchers. In case of unavailability of particular type of dataset, they built the dataset by their own. The datasets for the evaluation of computer vision systems could be of various types. These could be of thumb impressions, retinal scans or images of human activities/postures. The prayer performed by Muslim community also comprises of activities/postures which are the subset of the activities performed by an individual. In order to train and test the human activity recognition system on prayer activities/postures, the availability of prayer dataset is much needed. To the best of our knowledge, no such dataset is available in this area. In order to fulfill this requirement, we have recorded a dataset of prayer postures for an individual in a closed environment. The dataset comprises of RGB, Depth and skeleton frames of an individual from different pose and varying distance. We have recorded this dataset by using Microsoft Kinect for Windows sensor. We have captured more than 1700 RGB, Depth and skeleton frames of different actions comprises of positive and negative examples. We have labeled data and provided in various file formats like .xls, .mat and .arff. We are hopeful that the dataset developed by us will not only enforce the research community working on Human activity/posture recognition to test their system on this particular type of dataset but also to add more to the dataset. It will also help provide them understanding that how to record their own dataset using Kinect if need arises. Apart from that, this wills also a publicly available bench mark in this particular domain.