Browsing by Author "Manahil Inam"

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    Conceptual metaphors in war discourse
    (UMT.Lahore, 2025) Manahil Inam
    This study aims to investigate the usage of conceptual metaphors in war discourse related to Palestine-Israel conflict. The study seeks the answers concerning the following research questions; 1. What are the prominent conceptual metaphors employed in the news articles related to Palestine-Israel conflict? 2. How do those conceptual metaphors contribute to framing techniques applied in the news discourse related to Israel-Palestine conflict? And lastly, 3. How do the conceptual metaphors differ in their framing techniques across various Eastern and Western news articles? This study utilized Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as well as Framing Theory by Entman (1993) as theoretical frameworks. This is a mixed-method study, descriptive in nature. 70 authentic web news articles related to Israel-Palestine conflict from both Western and Eastern media outlets were chosen through purposive sampling technique. The exploration and enlisting of conceptual metaphors and the categorization of framing techniques were qualititive in nature, hence done manually. For the comparison and contrast among Western and Eastern Media portrayals, which employed a quantitative approach, a chi-square test of independence was applied which established a statistically significant relation, resulting in the rejection of null hypothesis. Furthermore, post-hoc residual analysis with Bonferroni correction indicated that Western outlets incorporated significantly more simplification framing type, meanwhile Eastern sources relied significantly more on employing emotional/empathy framing type. The outcomes reveal the subtle yet significant impact of conceptual metaphor incorporation and framing strategies to influence the audience’s comprehension, elicit particular responses and shape their perceptions about such a sensitive and global conflict. Keywords: Israel-Palestine conflict, conceptual metaphors, news framing, media representations, war discourse
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    Representation of parental figures
    (UMT, Lahore, 2023) Manahil Inam
    This study aims to examine some of the children’s trendy nursery rhymes from YouTube channels; “Cocomelon” and “ChuChu Tv” in order to examine the portrayal of parental figures and their roles while utilizing various modes of communication through which they are being showcased to young children. Thus, this study will seek the answers concerning the following research questions; 1. What is the purpose of portraying parental figures in YouTube nursery rhymes? 2. How are parental figures represented in YouTube nursery rhymes through language, visual and auditory modes of communication. This study has incorporated Kress (2009) theory of multimodal discourse analysis as the theoretical framework. Ten nursery rhyme songs from the YouTube channels; Cocomelon and ChuChu Tv’s have been selected for this study through purposive sampling. For data collection procedure, qualitative observation has been carried and descriptive research design has been incorporated as this study has chosen already existing YouTube nursery rhymes videos as the research tool to gather the answers. The results revealed that parental figures are frequently portrayed in nursery rhymes as great role models, nurturers, guardians and teachers for their children. They are always available to offer emotional support and build a caring atmosphere for their children. The multimodal nursery rhymes were found to be fostering pleasing associations in the minds of kids by associating the parents with enjoyable and pleasurable activities. Depiction of parents also makes the context relatable for children and is a source of learning. It was also found that visual, language and audio modes of communication were skillfully incorporated in these nursery rhymes simultaneously. Future researches can be done on cultural variations in nursery rhymes, and evolution of nursery rhyme songs.