Browsing by Author "MUHAMMAD YOUSAF"
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Item Effectiveness of teaching adjectives at the primary level via vygotsky's zone of proximal development theory(UMT Lahore, 2022) MUHAMMAD YOUSAFThis research study aims to explore the effectiveness of implications of the Zone of Proximal Development to provide a conducive environment for teaching and learning English in Pakistani private schools. The primary objective of this study was to measure the learners' achievement in English before the experiment and at the end of the experiment to investigate the effect of ZPD on students’ achievement. The theoretical framework for the present study is the early studies of Lev Vygotsky. Following the random sampling technique, ten students are selected for the control and ten for the experimental group. The experimental group was taught through ZPD and scaffolding, and the control group was taught through the conventional teaching method to compare the difference in the achievement of students of the experimental and the control group. It was assumed that there would be a significant difference between the mean achievement scores of the students taught through ZPD and Scaffolding and those taught through traditional teaching. The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis and tables to determine the tutoring intervention's significance by comparing experimental and control groups' pre- and post test achievements. The study results indicated that the experimental group showed more significant improvement in their English achievement due to their exposure to scaffolding and ZPD. ZPD and scaffolding had thus a visibly positive effect on the post-test performance of the experimental group. This method can be applied for better performance of secondary and higher level students and can even be used to teach the parts of speech.Item Query optimization in relational databases(UMT, Lahore, 2007) MUHAMMAD YOUSAF