Browsing by Author "MUHAMMAD NADEEM"

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    STAFF APPRAISAL SYSTEM AND PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PUNJAB
    (UMT, Lahore, 2021) MUHAMMAD NADEEM
    The Appraisal system has been given much importance for the improvement of twenty-first-century teachers. The Punjab Education Department assumes that the performance appraisal system currently used for higher secondary school teachers measures teachers‘ efficiency. It also allows them to reflect on their performance and revise their attitude and behaviors to achieve the goal. The present research is conducted to examine the effectiveness of the existing staff appraisal system by applying Decenzo and Robbins model. ―Staff Appraisal System and Teachers‘ performance‖ of higher secondary schools. The study at hand was undertaken by using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. The researcher used a multi stage random sampling technique to access the target population from 9 districts of Punjab. After piloting and taking proper measures for reliability and validity, the final self-constructed questionnaire was distributed among school teachers and principals in the selected districts to reach the target sample. A self-constructed questionnaire and interview protocols were used to collect data. Firstly, survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
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    Trachysupermum ammi and citrus limon amalgam a gateway to the natural medication
    (UMT, Lhr, 2021) MUHAMMAD NADEEM
    Citrus limon and Trachyspermum ammi specie plants and their ingredients are commonly used to handle a variety of diseases in herbal means. Both Citrus limon and Trachyspermum ammi possess strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties against many bacteria that are the causes of many diseases in human. In the current study organic extracts of lemon and ajwain has prepared in methanol, ethanol and acetone to study antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+bacteria) and Salmonella typhi (Gram-bacteria). The antibacterial activity of several organic extracts of Citrus limon and Trachyspermum ammi has been evaluated using the nutrient agar well diffusion technique. The MDM (Micro Dilution Method) has been used to define the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, mg/mL ±SD) of lemon seed and ajwain extracts. Antioxidant activity of Citrus limon and Trachyspermum ammi has investigated through total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DDPH and reducing power, the results are interpreted by using ANOVA (Statistica) to discover which had the best antibacterial and antioxidant properties. In the results, the antimicrobial analysis results revealed that the lemon seed gives highest zone of inhibition in methanolic extract against S. aureus and for Salmonella typhi the highest zone of inhibition has been noticed for the aqueous extract. MIC in S. aureus shows highest result in ethanolic extract and MIC in S. typhi shows highest result in methanolic extract. Ajwain gives highest zone of inhibition in methanolic extract in S. aureus and for Salmonella typhi the highest zone of inhibition has observed for the combination of all extracts. In anti-oxidant activity the total phenolic contents (mg/g) of organic extract of lemon seed have shown highest activity in acetone and TPC of ajwain has shown highest result in methanol. TFC of organic extract of lemon seed has shown highest result in acetone and TFC of ajwain has shown highest result in ethanol. DPPH of lemon seed has shown highest result in acetone and DPPH of Ajwain has shown highest result in methanol. Reducing power of lemon seed shows highest result in acetone and Reducing power of ajwain shows highest result in acetone. The organic extract of C. limon and Trachysupermum ammi has strong antibacterial and optimum antioxidant activity, so they can be used as potential antibacterial and average antioxidant compounds.