Browsing by Author "MUHAMMAD AFZAL and ABDUL QAYYUM"

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    NGN SOLUTION FOR COST i'' EFFECTIVNESS in PSTN NETWORK
    (UMT, Lahore, 2025) MUHAMMAD AFZAL and ABDUL QAYYUM
    As the monopoly of PTCL expired in telecom sector of Pakistan by December 2002, a new era started in telecom region and number of national and multinational companies came and invested huge money in this field. This revolution in telecom sector brought not only the technology transfer in Pakistan but also it provided an environment of healthy competition. In this new revolutionized world, drastic changes occurred in respect of tariff and traffic measures of Telco's in Pakistan. These changes ultimately resulted in increase of congestion on PTCL network. In the existing network of PTCL, the actual reason of congestion is Circuit Switching and TDM technology. In circuit switching, an end to end connection is established between two subscribers as long as rail remains established. Capacity is reserved on all trunk lines and switches along the way from party A to party B.