Browsing by Author "Iqra Shabir Bhatti"

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    Development of Indigenous Scale for Measuring Relational Aggression among University Students
    (University of Management & Technology, 2016) Iqra Shabir Bhatti
    The current study was conducted to develop a valid and reliable indigenous scale to measure relational aggression among university students. Keeping the cultural specificity of relational aggression in view, focus groups were conducted with students. Firstly, phenomenology of relational aggression was explored from 30 students. Behaviors were generated through two focus groups conducted with university student's i.e, (boys and girls) separately. The verbatim obtained from each focus group was transcribed and after eliminating repeated, culturally irrelevant, and age-wise inappropriate behaviors. Then, verbatim transformed into statements and drafted using response format Never (1), Sometime (2), Often (3) and Always (4). Psychometric properties were determined by administering finalized items pool of 41 items on conveniently drawn sample (N = 206) i.e., (boys=103, girls=103) from four universities of Punjab with the age range of 19 to 25 years (M = 20.47, SD = 1.75). Principle component factor analysis with varimax rotation provided two exclusive factors i.e. relational bullying and impulsive aggression. The final scale contained 22 items with statistically derived two exclusive factors with recommended alpha coefficient ranges (.63-.82). The clinical, academic and practical use of this scale is also explained and evaluate in terms of cultural manifestation of relational aggression in boys and girls. Moreover, the results were discussed for future counseling services to the educational intuitions.