Browsing by Author "Fatima Rafique"

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    Critical loading for girders in concrete bridges
    (UMT.Lahore, 2021) Fatima Rafique; Arsalan Rasheed; Daniyal Shakeel; Sheraz Naveed
    A detailed study has been accomplished to determine critical loadings for Girders in concrete bridges. The most critical and important load on the bridge is of the vehicle’s load (moving live loads) with different aspects. Many countries have numbers of advanced methods for the bridge design and some countries use the codes and specifications of those methods by a slight alteration according to their requirements of the structure. Standards and codes are being updated continuously, and we have seen a flood of new codes and standards in the past few years. But to fit into and place them, we must first understand their impacts. Although there have been oteworthy advancements in design and modeling of structure in the recent years, there is always ouch place for improvement .or the design of Concrete irderBridge, two methods, which well known in Pakistan, is “WPCPHB (1967) and the second is AASHTO LRFD”. In this project, these methods judge each other based on their specifications and codes. For this purpose, two different dimensioned spans (15m and 30m) taken. Their girder’s type and the numbers of lanes considered as parameters of this study. Csi Bridge used for design purposes. In short, the research indicates the minor conditions and all types of critical loads and moments in various situations. By comparing the codes, for different spans we can observe the suitable codes used in Pakistan for the bridge of short and long length of two different shape of girders. For the design of concrete bridges, it is very important that which code are used for the designing of bridge