Browsing by Author "Bilal Hassan"

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    Comparison of multi-layer fabrics
    (UMT Lahore, 2025-09-16) Abdul Raheem; Bilal Hassan
    This study investigates the influence of fabric layer number on the physical and mechanical properties of woven cotton fabrics with controlled architecture. The experimental framework centered on the precise and consistent production of single-, double-, and quadruple-layer fabric samples on a Dobby-operated sample loom at Nizam Sons Pvt. Ltd., with all variables standardized except for layer number. The yarns used were 100% cotton, carded, 5s Ne count, and uniform in properties to eliminate material variability. Each sample maintained a plain weave per layer and was interlocked using orthogonal binder yarns, ensuring structural integrity without altering two-dimensional density. The produced samples were subjected to standardized tests, including air permeability (ASTM D737), tensile strength via strip and grab methods (ASTM D5035, D5034), and tear resistance through Elmendorf and tongue tear tests (ASTM D1424, D2261). Additional testing on denim provided a comparative benchmark due to its established strength and durability. Results revealed that air permeability remained remarkably stable across single, double, and quadruple layers, suggesting structural uniformity and predictable breathability under layering. Tensile and tear strength tests showed a significant increase with additional layers, though the trend exhibited diminishing returns; the double-layer fabric achieved notable gains, while the quadruple layer provided smaller incremental benefits due to inter-layer friction and yarn slippage. Comparative analysis with denim confirmed the reliability of the methods and contextualized the results within practical textile applications. Overall, the findings demonstrate that multi-layered fabrics can significantly enhance mechanical properties without compromising breathability, offering valuable insights for the design of protective clothing, sportswear, and industrial textiles. The research contributes to understanding the trade-offs between structural layering, durability, and comfort, emphasizing that two-layer fabrics often provide the optimal balance between strength, weight, and air permeability.
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    Hybrid solar inverter
    (UMT Lahore, 2022-05) Bilal Ahmad; Bilal Hassan
    Using fossil fuels for energy is harmful to the environment and eventually reduces the conservation of available natural resources. The utilization of renewable resources for conserving the resources and climate is an effective strategy. Solar energy is the most common form of renewable energy. The project explains the construction and design of the hybrid solar inverters. The inverter is an energy-efficient, low-cost, and practical design for combining the solar inverter and battery charger in a single unit. The hybrid inverter with specific voltage categorizations, battery consumption, and optimal battery state is designed in the project. The switching pattern, power to critical load efficiency, safety, protection, and weather conditions are briefly studied to complete the task effectively.
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    A publicly available rgb-d data set of Muslim prayer postures recorded using microsoft kinect for windows
    (Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2014) Bilal Hassan; Usman Akram; Saifullah; Mudassar Naseer; Faizan Ali; Shoaib Akhter; Muhammad Ajmal
    In computer vision applications, availability of dataset for the training and testing of any newly developed system is always a key requirement. Most of the time, people use dataset built by other researchers. In case of unavailability of particular type of dataset, they built the dataset by their own. The datasets for the evaluation of computer vision systems could be of various types. These could be of thumb impressions, retinal scans or images of human activities/postures. The prayer performed by Muslim community also comprises of activities/postures which are the subset of the activities performed by an individual. In order to train and test the human activity recognition system on prayer activities/postures, the availability of prayer dataset is much needed. To the best of our knowledge, no such dataset is available in this area. In order to fulfill this requirement, we have recorded a dataset of prayer postures for an individual in a closed environment. The dataset comprises of RGB, Depth and skeleton frames of an individual from different pose and varying distance. We have recorded this dataset by using Microsoft Kinect for Windows sensor. We have captured more than 1700 RGB, Depth and skeleton frames of different actions comprises of positive and negative examples. We have labeled data and provided in various file formats like .xls, .mat and .arff. We are hopeful that the dataset developed by us will not only enforce the research community working on Human activity/posture recognition to test their system on this particular type of dataset but also to add more to the dataset. It will also help provide them understanding that how to record their own dataset using Kinect if need arises. Apart from that, this wills also a publicly available bench mark in this particular domain.
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    Requirement Engineering Practices in Pakistan Software Industry: Major Problems
    (Journal Of Applied Environmental And Biological Sciences, 2014) Bilal Hassan; Shoaib Farooq, Muhammad; Adnan Abid; Khan, Yaser Daanial; Khan, Nabeel Sabir; Mudassar Naseer; Usman Akram, Muhammad; Saif Ullah
    Requirement engineering is now an essential practice performed in almost every software manufacturing industry around the globe. It increases the amount of project success in a greater way. Sometimes this could be a labelled activity or sometimes not. However, almost every software development environment across the world is using some sort of basic requirement engineering process now days. The situation is not different in a developing country like Pakistan. A good number of software industries are following standard requirement engineering practices completely or partially. There are multiple reasons behind partial implementation such as lack of knowledge about processes, cost in terms of time and money and implementation of processes. In our study, we have collected factual data regarding current requirement engineering practices from Pakistan software industry. We have studied the organizations of varying size and types of projects. We also find out their success rate and problems which are due to partial or wrong implementation of requirement engineering practices. We are hopeful that this study will provide a cost effective solution for improving requirement engineering practices in Pakistan industry.
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    Smart grid management & visualization
    (University of Management and Technology, 7/30/2013) Bilal Hassan; Ibrar Hussain; Kazim Maqsood
    With the growing power demand and increasing use of renewable energy, the traditional electricity transmission and distribution network can be improved into an interactive service network or a Smart Grid. Computerizing the traditional grid stations by means of artificial intelligence, interconnecting the power system equipment using modern telecommunication techniques, and managing load automatically without external power sources (unless necessary), has started a new era in modern world with a name “Smart Grid”. The basic concept of a Smart Grid is to have monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis to support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand as well as reduce the energy consumption and costs. In this research we have introduced such techniques by which the term smart grid becomes more suited on the proposed model. The concept of automation in the field of load management, self-healing after fault detection, analysis, remodeling of power system network and communication between different intelligent devices has been thoroughly discussed in the report.
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    Smart grid management and visualization
    (UMT.Lahore, 2013) Bilal Hassan; Ibrar Hussain; Kazim Maqsood
    With the growing power demand and increasing use of renewable energy, the traditional electricity transmission and distribution network can be improved into an interactive service network or a Smart Grid. Computerizing the traditional grid stations by means of artificial intelligence, interconnecting the power system equipment using modern telecommunication techniques, and managing load automatically without external power sources (unless necessary), has started a new era in modern world with a name “Smart Grid”. The basic concept of a Smart Grid is to have monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis to support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand as well as reduce the energy consumption and costs. In this research we have introduced such techniques by which the term smart grid becomes more suited on the proposed model. The concept of automation in the field of load management, self-healing after fault detection, analysis, remodeling of power system network and communication between different intelligent devices has been thoroughly discussed in the report.
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    Studio Applications and Software Development Kits for Microsoft Kinect: A Survey
    (Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 2014) Shoaib Farooq, Muhammad; Bilal Hassan; Mudassar Naseer; Adnan Abid; Khan, Yaser Daanial; Khan, Nabeel Sabir; Usman Akram, Muhammad; Saif Ullah
    The invention of Motion sensing camera “Microsoft Kinect for XBOX” opened new dimension for the research community. First objective of Kinect was to work with XBOX for playing games. However, people started using it for the recognition of human activities. Kinect for XBOX provided two types of information 1) RGB and 2) Depth. People developed tools, drivers and algorithms to work with it. Later, Microsoft itself released the Windows edition of Kinect with a software development kit (SDK). However, several open source and propriety vendors modified the performance of their existing tools and drivers to work with Kinect for Windows. It was now difficult for the newer one to select an appropriate set of studio application and SDK to work with Kinect for Windows. Keeping in view this point, we have presented a study for the Windows edition of Kinect based on several features like platform, file formats etc. Our study will definitely help the research community involved with Kinect for Windows to select an appropriate set of drivers and SDK’s for their work. This study will be a valuable contribution not only for the users of Kinect, also for the owners of various tools.
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    A study on re process models for offshore software development
    (TextRoad Publication, 2014) Bilal Hassan; Muhammad Usman Akram; Shahid Bhatti; Fahad Hassan; Jawad Bashir
    Increasing trends of cheap and quality software development have raised a great interest in offshore software development. Sub continental software houses are much cheaper than the European or American market. Due to cultural social and linguistic differences the requirement gathering has become difficult for offshore software developers. In this study the requirement gathering issues for offshore software houses are investigated and then the standard requirement engineering models are compared with each other according to different metrics and a comprehensive survey among the sub continental software engineers is carried out to suggest a proper requirement engineering model according to the nature of the project.