Browsing by Author "Amna Arshad"

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    Challenges faced by persons with visual impairment in seeking and maintaining jobs
    (UMT, Lahore, 2019) Amna Arshad; Sidra Fatima
    This study was about the investigation of the challenges faced by persons with visual impairment in seeking and maintaining jobs. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the physical, social and educational barriers faced by persons with visual impairment in seeking and maintaining their jobs. For this purpose the researchers collected data from 50 adults with visual impairment through convenient sampling. Out of these fifty respondents, 25 were job seekers and 25 were job maintainers. It was a Descriptive study and was conducted with the help of two self-developed questionnaires. These questionnaires were developed on the basis of hypothetical framework which was developed on the basis of literature review. The variables of the study challenges in seeking and maintaining jobs were also discussed in the questionnaires. The questionnaire for job seekers included questions about seven indicators which include implementation of quota system, attitude of employers, physical/environmental barriers, job opportunities, and awareness about the potentials and needs of visually impaired persons, career counseling and transitional planning. The questionnaire for job maintainers included questions about attitude of visually impaired employees, attitude of employers, attitude of co-workers, physical/environmental barriers, orientation and mobility issues, transportation and residential issues and access to assistive technology. The data of questionnaires was tabulated and analyzed through SPSS. The results of the study indicated that persons with visual impairment living in Pakistan face many challenges when it comes to seeking and maintaining their jobs. Majority of visually impaired job seekers reported that the negative attitude of employers and unavailability of up-to-date skill training are the major challenges that they face while seeking a job. For job maintainers, access to assistive technology to perform work related tasks, inaccessible public transport, lack of residential facilities near their workplace and negative attitude of employers towards visually impaired persons were identified as major challenges. The study also presented some recommendations to overcome these challenges. Cronbach’s Alpha values of both instruments were .832 which means that the instruments were reliable.
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    Distress tolerance, caregiver burden, and psychological vulnerability among caregivers of the clinical population
    (UMT, Lahore, 2025) Alishba; Amna Arshad; Hafsa Tariq
    Caregivers of the clinical population commonly experience psychological strain, emotional exhaustion, increased burden of caregiving demands and high levels of stress due to the intensive caregiving responsibilities. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the relationship between distress tolerance, caregiver burden and psychological vulnerability among caregivers of the clinical population. It was hypothesized that caregivers who encounter difficulty in distress tolerance are more likely to experience increased caregiver burden, which in turn increases their psychological vulnerability. A correlational research design was employed and data was collected from 150 caregivers through purposive sampling. Standardized tools included Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Zarit Caregiver Burden Assessment (ZCBA) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results showed significant positive correlation between difficulty in distress tolerance, caregiver burden and psychological vulnerability (p>.001) among caregivers. Regression analysis indicate that distress tolerance and caregiver burden significantly predict psychological vulnerability among caregivers. Independent sample t test revealed significant differences among study variables on the basis of gender and institute. One way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in the study variables based on diagnosis of patient, education and employment status of caregivers. These results have implications for mental health professionals to design culturally sensitive caregiver focused programs aimed to promote their emotional regulation and reduce risks of mental health problems.
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    Emotion recognition in computer vision by using machine learning technique in static images
    (UMT Lahore, 2020) Amna Arshad
    An immense area of technology which is covering many area and huge part of discussion is a computer vision this area cover many techniques and many AI facts so that this area is a widely covered and used by different authors and many working areas. Computer vision is based on many techniques which has deep learning techniques which hits many areas so that computer vision area is also known as emotions recognition. Emotions recognition is a wide area of technology which is based on behavioral changes, environmental changes. Emotions recognition from static images is a bit challenging task. The modalities include in this task are static images which are having different type of emotions as emotions are intense part of behavior because these are nonverbal part of communication and this part has a key role to describing the behavioral changes, these changes are effect on a person by any situation. In recent few years when machine learning and AI become popular and authors has work on it than emotions recognition become very continuous discussion part of technology because these are covered by many areas of technology so that emotions in static images are very important in many facts and these facts are based on behavioral changes and these changes are the factors of emotions. In this study there are seven main and basic emotions type will be discussed which are (Natural, Happy, Sad, Surprise, Fear, Anger and Disgust) these emotions types are basic types which are also discussed by many authors although emotions are very vast area of image recognitions because these are recognized by the face expressions which tends to be emotions. So that these are behavioral phenomena which are based on nature environment and situations which effects on human. According to the artificial intelligence emotional study is based on different techniques and areas which are interlined with each other whereas those area which are connected are neural network iv which are used to describes specificity, image processing area which indicates the different area of images and emotional static images are one of them so that other part which is that part of techniques and that is based on the machine learning area of techniques which has an important part to complete and describes all that parts in a legitimate way. So that to describe accuracy rate in images in this study here are some techniques which can describes the clearly the emotional states. Techniques which are used are show that the accuracy of emotional states of images which is 98%. So, that Here this study is based on the emotions so that CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) has a major role to describes different part of emotions in static images those static images are taken from the well-known data bases ck+ (Cohan-Kanade) and JAFFE (Japanese female facial expression) both of these data bases are based on static images which are having seven different type of emotions. JAFFE and CK+ has emotional state images whereas these are using for describing the accuracy rate in the images.
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    Partner phubbing, romantic jealousy, resentment and marital satisfaction among married individuals
    (UMT Lahore, 2020) Amna Arshad
    This study aimed to find out the relationship between partner phubbing, romantic jealousy, resentment and marital satisfaction among married individuals. Further it was aimed to explore the role of romantic jealousy and resentment as mediator in said relationship. This study used cross-sectional research design. Data consisted of N=300 married individuals from major cities of Pakistan from males (N = 150) and females (N =150) for this study. Partner Phubbing Scale (Roberts & David, 2016), Motives for Inducing Romantic Jealousy (Mattingly, Whitson & Mattingly, 2012); Resentment Rating Scale for couples (Agbalog & Yukawa, 2019) & ENRICH Marital Satisfaction scale (Fowers & Olson, 1993) were used. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was carried out and the result showed that partner phubbing was found to be significantly positively correlated with romantic jealousy and resentment whereas romantic jealousy was also found to be significantly positively correlated with resentment since partner phubbing, romantic jealousy and resentment were found to be significantly negatively correlated with marital satisfaction and its subscale i.e. idealistic distortion. It was also revealed that partner phubbing, romantic jealousy and resentment were negative significant predictors of marital satisfaction. Romantic jealousy and Resentment significantly mediated the relationship between Partner phubbing and Marital Satisfaction. It is concluded that increasing use of cell phones leads towards jealousy and resentment which in turn may impact relationship satisfaction and personal well-being.
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    Perceived value of social media engagement on implementation of organization effectiveness in higher education
    (UMT.Lahore, 2019) Amna Arshad
    The aim of the study was to find out the “Perceived Value of Social Media Engagement on Implementation of Organization Effectiveness in Higher Education”. The main objectives of the study are to: (1) To measure the communication of the factor of the educational organization's effectiveness through social media. (2) To find out the inter-variable correlation among the communication of the factors of educational organization’s effectiveness through social media. (3) To find out the impact of communication through social media on educational organizations' effectiveness. The population of the study was consisted of administration and faculty from the department of education of public and private universities of Lahore city. The quantitative method was used in this study. The sample was gathered from six universities of Lahore. Random sampling technique was used to select three public and three private universities from Lahore. The questionnaire was consisted of 30 items. From quantitative findings collected during this study, was observed that SME (social media engagement) includes on 6 factors: Vision, Culture of learning, Management, Collaboration, Social Justice and Political. The reliability of the questionnaire was cronbach's alpha .938. The preliminary analysis was done using Mean, Median and Standard deviation. Inferential statistics was applied through correlation, t-test, and regression. There was a moderate and positive association among SME components. Components of SME predicted the social justice. The study results showed that there is positive relationship between social media engagement and organization effectiveness. At the end researcher recommended that educationalist should realize the significance of social media and encourage the educators to effectively use in teaching learning process. Keywords: Social Media Engagement, Organization Effectiveness