Browsing by Author "Amina Khalid"

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    A study of semantic change of urdu loan words from the arabic language
    (UMT Lahore, 2018) Amina Khalid
    This study aims to explore the semantic change of the borrowed words from the Arabic language in the Urdu language. The relation between Arabic and Urdu language is very strong and the borrowing of numerous words from Arabic for the Urdu language has been under study for a long period of time. The main objective of this research paper is to explore the nature and direction of the semantic change of borrowed words from Arabic in the Urdu language. Data is collected from dictionaries 6 of both languages. 125 words were selected, listed and analysed. The analysis of data is based on the contrastive analysis. The paper concludes that the Urdu language borrowed words at a high frequency from the Arabic language. These words have gone through some semantic change processes and used with different meanings and contexts. A high frequency of words can be seen in nature of this change in which the entire meaning of the word has shifted. However, in direction of change, it is concluded that these words were changed from positive to negative sense or vice versa but the majority of words have neutral change.
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    English course book evaluation
    (University of Management and Technology, 2014) Amina Khalid
    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the course book “English 9” of the Punjab Textbook Board Lahore. This course book is designed for the secondary level and is taught in public high schools of Punjab. In order to evaluate the course book, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted by using Alan Cunningsworth's (1995, pp.3-4) evaluation checklist as a tool. This checklist is widely used by many researchers for the evaluation of course material such as Khalili & Jodai, (2012), Hamid, K & Ali,K (2014), Saricoban & Can (2012) and Haghighi, S (2014).This checklist consists of eight major criteria including: (1) aims and approaches (2) design and organization (3) language content (4) skills (5) topic (6) methodology (7) teachers' books and finally (8) practical considerations. Each criterion itself is consisting of several questions. Out of eight criteria; two of them (i.e. Language Content and Skills) have been applied in this study to address the questions of the study which are; Does the prescribed course book “English 9” of the Punjab Textbook Board Lahore successfully provide a source of teaching English language content? Does the prescribed course book “English9” of the Punjab Textbook Board Lahore provide a source of teaching English language skills? The findings of the study show that this course book mostly provides a source of English language teaching content and skills. The course book covers main grammatical items according to the learners' level as mentioned in National Curriculum for English Language Grades I-XII, 2006. It contains vocabulary development and learning strategies which make learners independent. It focuses on structures and conventions of language use both in speaking and writing. In addition to that the style and appropriacy have also been taken into account as language style matches to the situations. However, the material for pronunciation work is not enough for learning as it is less addressed as compared to vocabulary and grammar. As far as the skills are concerned, reading and writing skills have been given more significance as compared to listening and speaking skills. It is concluded that the areas of pronunciation, speaking and listening lack sufficient material according to the criteria of Cunningsworth's evaluation checklist. The findings of this research can be useful for ESL researchers and teachers in general as well as ELT material developers in particular.
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    Students attitude towards teachers urdu code-switching in esl class-rooms at university of management & technology Lahore
    (Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 2015) Amina Khalid; Naheed Ashfaq
    In multilingual classrooms such as in Pakistan most of the individuals have the knowledge of two or more languages, the linguistic phenomenon of combining languages is quite frequent. “A common term for alternative use of two or more languages, varieties of a language or even speech styles” is called codeswitching (Hymes, 1974). The present article investigates the students’ attitudes to Urdu code-switching (CS) used by teachers in English as a Second Language classes at University of Management & Technology Lahore. A sample of 30 students studying at undergraduate level has been taken. Quantitative approach of data analysis has been used to investigate the responses. A 10-item questionnaire was developed and distributed among the students. The closed questions of the questionnaires were analyzed statistically by using the SPSS program. The results display that students have positive attitude towards teachers’ code-switching in ESL class-rooms and teachers’ code-switching is an effective teaching strategy when teaching English in Pakistani scenario.
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    A Study of Semantic Change of Urdu Loan Words From the Arabic Language.
    (University of Management and Technology, 2018) Amina Khalid
    This study aims to explore the semantic change of the borrowed words from the Arabic language in the Urdu language. The relation between Arabic and Urdu language is very strong and the borrowing of numerous words from Arabic for the Urdu language has been under study for a long period of time. The main objective of this research paper is to explore the nature and direction of the semantic change of borrowed words from Arabic in the Urdu language. Data is collected from dictionaries 6 of both languages. 125 words were selected, listed and analysed. The analysis of data is based on the contrastive analysis. The paper concludes that the Urdu language borrowed words at a high frequency from the Arabic language. These words have gone through some semantic change processes and used with different meanings and contexts. A high frequency of words can be seen in nature of this change in which the entire meaning of the word has shifted. However, in direction of change, it is concluded that these words were changed from positive to negative sense or vice versa but the majority of words have neutral change.