Browsing by Author "Amina Kanwal"

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    Identification and classification of nucleotide-binding site gene family in land plants
    (UMT Lahore, 2021) Amina Kanwal
    Plants are continually exposed to a variety of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes). In order to survive, they developed a three-tiered immune system. The physical layer, which is the first line of protection, is made up of the cell wall and the cuticle. The second line of defense is made up of pattern recognition receptors PRRs, and the third line of defense is made up of effector induced immunity. The best type of defense is resistance gene dependent defense in which they recognize receptors and encounter the pathogen by activating hypersensitive response. Majority of these R genes belong to Nucleotide Binding Site Gene that give disease resistant against variety of pathogens. A comparative study was carried out in 36 plants to identify the evolutionary relationships of the NBS gene family, in which Identification of orthogroup and paralogues, phylogenetic relationships, and conserved domains and motifs have been studied. In thirty-six land plants the maximum no of NBS gene can be seen in XP (Medicago truncatula) with 1206 genes and the expression levels continued to increase in Hordeum vulgare, 891 genes Populus trichocarpa 867 gene and Oryza sativa with 794 genes and the lower no of NBS can be seen in ginko bibola with 11 no of genes. In a total of 36 plant species, two do not have the NBS gene (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Amaranthus hypochonriacus L. All NBS gene were classified into 168 classes in which most commonly found classes is NBS, NL, TNL AND TN. Only 33 species have orthologues similarity in which 664 are specie specific orthologues. Evolutionary tree shows that Marchentia polymorpha and solanum melongena are the ancestor lineage for NBS evolution.