Browsing by Author "Abubakar, Muhammad"

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    Product development as liquidity management tool in Islamic banking; Pakistan case
    (University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Abubakar, Muhammad
    Liquidity Management is considered one of the biggest challenges faced by Islamic Banking. Due to prohibition of Riba (Interest), Gharar, Haram and sale of debts at profit, Islamic Banks have very few liquidity management tools in contrast to conventional banks and hence Islamic Banking Industry of Pakistan is presently facing excess liquidity problem. According to State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) report conventional bank’s daily average of excess cash over & above required CRR for period of 20 November 2015 to 03 December 2015 is Rs 2,261 million (SBP, 2015). While the daily average of excess cash over & above required SLR is Rs 14,276 million for Islamic banks which are just 12% of total banking industry of Pakistan. It clearly depicts that the existing contract used by IBs for the disposal of excess liquidity are not sufficient, Islamic Banks need more sophisticated products for financing, Investments and for Treasury Management purpose. (SBP, 2015) This study focuses on the instruments which can be helpful for the Islamic banking industry to get rid of the liquidity problem, for the purpose, a research questioner was filled by the participants. It is evident from the research findings that nature of Islamic Banking contracts is more likely to be trade oriented in line with true spirit of following Islamic teachings “And Allah has permitted trading and prohibited riba. (Al-Baqra)” Study also suggest that product development is the only way to get rid of excess liquidity in more profitable way, IBs should take active part in trading & real estate activities and avoid usage of agency as underlying agreement. SBP in its strategic plan for Islamic Banking (2014-2018) also emphasizes on same aspect. Research also clarifies that recommended product development will encourage the society to transform form conventional to Islamic Banking through offering higher Halal return on savings.
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    Role of mercury toxicity in kidney disease incidence in Pakistan
    (University of Management and Technology Lahore, 2016) Abubakar, Muhammad
    High level of mercury can cause severe effects on kidneys including mental disorder. If its level exceeded from 50 µg/dL then it can be very harmful for people. Goal of the present study is to evaluate serum uric acid as biomarker like blood urea and serum creatinine biomarkers of kidney disorder and to check the co-relation of abnormal level of mercury with serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid. Methods: Hundred subjects were randomly enlisted in this study, having kidney disorders, for example, renal disorder, and co-relation of mercury with biomarkers was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: Serum uric acid level was raised in 55 patients while blood urea and serum creatinine level was found in 72 and 83 patients individually. High serum uric acid concentration was observed in 70.73% females (p=0.0003) and 44.07% males (p=0.2692). The co-relation between mercury (Hg), serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid was found insignificant. Conclusion: co-relation between mercury (Hg), serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid level was insignificant. Serum uric acid is raised up to high level in patients with impeded renal function in all members. Higher levels of serum uric acid were not essentially associated with serum creatinine and blood urea level in all patients.