Browsing by Author "AFIFA"

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    Kinetic study of transesterification reaction of neem oil using ni doped Zno nano-particles
    (UMT, Lhr, 2019) AFIFA
    Energy demands of the world are increasing with the passage of time. The sources of energy are however, less than the demands and also the extinction of these reservoirs is a serious threat to human race. To overcome this crisis alternative sources are under consideration. Biofuels are one of them. Biodiesel produce less toxic emissions than petro diesels. They can be obtained through plants and animals based sources. Plants oils and animal fats cannot use directly as the fuel because of their high density and viscosity. Therefore they are converted into the fuels of low viscosity, low density, high cetane numbers and low flash points. Transesterification is a reaction which converts these oils of plants and animals into biodiesels with the help of catalysts. This catalyst can be homogenous or heterogeneous. In this research work Ni doped ZnO nano-particles were used as catalyst for the transesterification of neem oil. The nano-particles were synthesized by co precipitation method by using Nickel nitrate hexa hydrate and Zinc nitrate hexa hydrate. The surface morphology of the synthesized catalyst was analyzed by SEM and XRD techniques. The extent of doping was evaluated by EDX analysis. Then these particles prepared biodiesel from neem oil using methanol as a transesterifying reagent. The produced biodiesel was analyzed by its characteristics i.e. kinematic viscosity, cetane number, density, cloud point, flash point and pour point. The values obtained for these parameters were 3.9mm2/s, 51, 898kg/m3, -1°C, 119°C and 1°C respectively. The effect of different reaction conditions like temperature, catalyst amount and reactants ratio on the yield of the biodiesel was then determined through various experiments. The temperature was varied between 45°C-60°C. Amount of catalyst varied from 0.2grams to 1.2 grams and methanol to oil ratio was taken 4:1-15:1. The present work also observed and describes many competitive reactions and mechanism of the reaction with the help of kinetic model. An extended objective of this research is to predict reaction rate, enthalpy, rate constant, entropy, activation energy and Gibbs free energy of the transesterification reaction of neem oil
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