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Browsing MS by Author "Abeeha Ali"

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    Development of marriage expectations scale for newly married indiviuals
    (UMT Lahore, 2025) Abeeha Ali
    This study aimed to develop and validate the Marriage Expectations Scale for Newly Married Individuals (MESNMI), an indigenous tool to assess culturally specific marital expectations in Pakistan. Employed a mixed-methods design, Phase 1 involved qualitative item generation through semi-structured interviews with 8 newly married participants (4 men, 4 women) married for 6 months–1.5 years. The interview guide was made based on literature review, cultural consultation, and expert review, which ensured conceptual clarity and cultural fit. Interviews were audio-recorded, verbatim transcribed, and thematically analyzed, yielding 3 main constructs: expectations from self, partner, and in-laws. Phase 2 comprised four sub-phases. In first phase, the item pool from Phase 1 interviews was polished for conceptual clarity. In second phase, content validity index was assessed by 10 experts using a four-point likert scale, reducing 48 items to 43. In third phase, a pilot study was conducted which confirmed clarity and feasibility of the items. In fourth phase, the finalized MESNMI and Urdu DASS-21 were administered online to 232 participants (63.8% women, 36.2% men) aged 20–35 years and married from 6 months to 1.5 year. Exploratory factor analysis in IBM SPSS confirmed a two- factor structure, Emotional and Intimate Bonding and Family Integration and Personal Fulfilment with excellent reliability (α = .94), significant negative correlations with DASS-21 (p < .05) confirmed discriminant validity and t-test was run to check gender, family systems and types of marriage differences among data. The scale MESNMI, is a sound, reliable, culturally relevant tool for research and marital counseling in Pakistan