Department of Basic Sciences

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Browsing Department of Basic Sciences by Author "Iram Nadeem"

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    Gc-ms and antioxidant capacity analyses of cowpea seeds oils
    (Emerald, 2013) Muhammad Nadeem Asghar; Muhammad Shafiq; Iram Nadeem; Muhammad Ashfaq; Sammia Shahid
    Purpose – The cowpea plant, being affordable and protein-rich, is considered poor man’s meat. The aim of this paper is to undertake a detailed investigation regarding in vitro total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and chemical constituents of the vegetable oils from seeds of this plant, taking its nutritional value into consideration. Design/methodology/approach – Vegetable oils of different indigenous cowpea varieties were obtained using soxhelt extraction assembly and subjected to GC-MS analyses and various antioxidant assays including 2,20-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulpohonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, ferr, 2.20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging, total phenolic contents (TPC), lipid peroxidation inhibition, and iron chelation activity. Findings – Various chemical constituents including different hydrocarbons, tocopherols, ketones, fatty esters, estragole and cedrene were identified. TPCs were found to be 5.439, 5.7279, 7.6126, 6.7573 and 10.0591 mg/L gallic acid equivalent for S.A. Dandy, Elite, White Star, CP-386 and FBD Rawan varieties, respectively. Employing ABTS radical decoloration assay a significant linear correlation (R 2 ¼ 0.997, 0.996, 0.997, 0.996 and 0.997 for S.A. Dandy, Elite, White Star, CP-386 and FBD Rawan varieties, respectively) was found between the percent inhibition of ABTS radical cation and the amount of vegetable oils. The percent inhibition of the Fe(II)-Ferrozine complex formation was found to be 29.45, 53.76, 82.91, 86.59 and 57.87 for the same varieties, respectively. Originality/value – GC-MS and standard in vitro antioxidative capacity analyses data clearly demonstrated the potency of the cowpea as antioxidant and radical scavenger plant which may be used as a good source of natural antioxidants. The plant seeds may prove a better and cost-effective substitute of expensive food items.
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    In vitro total antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of organic extracts from leaves, stem and inflorescence of cannabis sativa l.
    (Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2012) Iram Nadeem; Asad Ullah Khan; Muhammad Nadeem Asghar; Muhammad Ashfaq; Sammia Shahid; Dildar Ahmed
    The in vitro total antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of organic extracts from leaves, stem and inflorescence of male and female plants of Cannabis sativa were studied using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, total phenolic conents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition and metal chelating activity assays. The stem, leaves and inflorescence of male (MS, ML and MI, respectively) and female (FS, FL and FI, respectively) plants were initially extracted in methanol and subsequently partitioned in n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol, successively. Employing ABTS radical scavenging activity assay the fractions obtained in polar solvents exhibited high ABTS scavenging activity. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values obtained for various extracts of different parts of C. sativa ranged from 144.46- 1.47 mM trolox equivalents for 1-butanol fraction of FI and chloroform fraction of FS, respectively. Total phenolic contents using Folin- Ciocalteu's method ranged from 3.562-0.339 mg/L gallic acid equivalent for 1-butanol fraction of FS and chloroform fraction of MI, respectively. A direct relationship between Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents values was not observed for the extracts except for MS indicating that only phenolic compounds were not responsible for the total antioxidant activity of the fractions. The rate of scavenging of DPPH radical for these extracts reflected the presence of a diverse nature of antioxidative components. Using ammonium thiocyanate method, all the extracts of both the genders demonstrated significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. The per cent chelating activity using ferrozine as reference chelator ranged from 9.46-84.94 for ethyl acetate fraction of ML and methanol fraction of FL, respectively. A poor correlation of ferrous ion chelating activity with total phenolic conents of the extracts was observed and this indicates that phenolic compounds might not be the main chelators of iron ions.