Chemistry

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Browsing Chemistry by Author "ABRAR UL HASSAN"

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    Chemical evaluation of himalayan rock salt deposits of pakistan
    (UMT, Lhr, 2015) ABRAR UL HASSAN
    Salt has played a vital role among the lives of human as saltiness is among the basic tastes of human beings. Over the years Salt has been transformed from a common household commodity to essential raw materials. Minor contamination of rock salt is fatal for living systems. Due to its importance, complete characterization of table salt is very essential. In developing countries consumers still prefer to use the unrefined salt. As rock salt is among the basic necessities of life and also environmental samples like food, salt, water and soil are getting contaminated day by day. So a complete chemical evaluation of these environmental samples is very essential. Present paper involve the chemical evaluation of Rock Salt samples collected from the plugging sites of Himalayan salt (Khewra salt mines and Kalabagh salt mines) for their Moisture content Water Insoluble particles ,Calcium Magnecium,Sulphates and Trace Minerals Fe Cu Cd Pb As Ag and Zn by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Moisture content of Khewra and Kalabagh salt mines was from 0.03% to 0.09% and 0.06% to 0.08 % respectively. Water insoluble matter range from 0.08% to 1.4% and 1.5% to 2.8% for Khewra and Kalabagh salt samples respectively. Sulfate content for khewra salt sample wasfrom 0.39% to 0.91% and for Kalabagh Salt mines was 0.75% to 0.95%For Khewra salt mines Calcium ranged 0.15% to 0.32%. For Kalabagh salt samples it was from 0.1% to 0.27%. Magnesium ranged from 0.11% to 0.35% for khewra salt mines,for Kalabagh salt mines its range was 0.18% to 0.89%. Trcae metals had the Concentrations as 0.2mg/Kg to 1.85mg/Kg,Copper 0.21mg/Kg to 0.42mg/Kg,Manganese 0.04mg/Kg to 0.06 mg/Kg,Zinc 0.12 mg/kg to 0.18 mg/kg,Arsenic 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg.Lead and Cadmium were either below the detection limits in various samples or were in very trace amounts.All results obtained showed that their concentrations are below the limits set by world health organization (WHO) and food and agriculture organization (FAO). Therefore it can be concluded from the paper that the Himalayan salt from the plugging sites of Khewra, and Kalabagh salt mines are safe to use.