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Item Taufiq Rafat’s poetry(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Ameer HamzaAs an individual living in a society, the culture becomes a deep part of the identity of that individual. This research aims to explore the culture and its social aspects as presented in Taufiq Rafat’s anthology of poem titled The Arrival of the Monsoon, in the lens of Marxist theory exploring Capitalism and effects, labor and working class and their relation to culture. It also dedicates a part of the research to the most modern and contemporary Marxist theories and their significance in literary world such as Neo-Marxism and Cultural Marxism. Rafat poems are elegant, deep and present to its readers the very true to life image of Pakistani Culture along with the ingenuity of his simple yet unique language. Rafat not only paints the culture of Pakistan with his words but also question the implication of the cultural studies that seems troublesome to his observation. This research explores those aspects in Rafat’s poems by analyzing his language, themes and the content of his poetry under the framework of Marxism as the umbrella of the study. The main areas of this research include Ideology and its impacts, Capitalism and its consequences and Culture and its relation to economic gain. It introduces the idea of looking at Rafat’s poetry has a rich source of cultural studies a quite different approach than the linguistic research based on his poems and use of language.Item Voices from the periphery in the ministry of utmost happiness(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Momina ImranIt is a common belief that gender is a socially developed identity and on this belief the world is running in a war state where one gender is being marginalized and the other is at superiority. People think that this injustice is based on gender inequality but it’s not. This paper argues that society is run by the aristocrats and on their beliefs the base of a society is formed. The beliefs of aristocrats don’t please the lower class and this is the root cause of injustice. People are marginalized because they belong to periphery. By applying Butler’s concept of “gender” this paper analyzes Arundhati Roy’s book ‘The Ministry Of Utmost Happiness’ and aims to scrutinize the characters on the periphery whose voices are raising in a global world.Item An eco-critical analysis of Ruskin bond short stories(UMT, Lahore, 2019) SANIA NASEERThe aim of this research is to investigate the contribution of Ruskin Bond’s literary work to escalate the ecological consciousness of man. Ruskin’s work is analyzed in the light of Eco-criticism to preserve nature and ecosystem from fading away. The aim of Eco-criticism is basically to study the relationship between literature and ecology and Human-ecology is basically the study of the nature and man’s relation through the lens of literature. This term was introduced against the modern man’s cruel attitude towards nature. This research basically highlights that how Ruskin has expressed his concern towards ‘Nature’ and ‘Environmental crisis’ happening on the name of modernization. The reason of environmental crisis is because of the unawareness towards the protection of ecology. Along with that, this paper also questions that why Ruskin has used nature as main theme of his stories and what was his main idea behind supporting eco-criticism ideology. This research basically examines Ruskin’s concern towards ecology in his literary work.Item The traces of male domination under the case of novel “honor” by Elif Shafak through the lens of post structural feminism theory(UMT, Lahore, 2019) AYESHA FAROOQThe following research is a study of Elif Shafak’s Honor and the entire work is concerned with the representation of women in the novel. More specifically, it focuses on the theme of male dominancy and the diverse facets allied to the subject. The study centers on the subject of violence, masculinity, and the role of society and tradition in the construction of gender, female reaction to the gender issue of violence against women is also a major concern in this research. Dwelling on a number of notions introduced in the feminist theory in addition Post Structural Feminism Theory, our study argues that the novel converge with regard to the representation of the theme of male dominance This research follows qualitative methodology purely relying on the text and the theory. Shafak focus on domestic violence, which represents an umbrella to all forms of violence. She offers clear evidence that violence goes hand in hand with the inherited traditional beliefs and practices. Women’s struggle to challenge the socially constructed gender role is manifested through the motif of the relationship between language, social institutions, subjectivity and power.Item Tracing ethnicity in Rohinton Mistry’s Selected short stories(UMT, Lahore, 2019) USMAN HABIBEthnicity and Cultural identity have become the major issues of discussion and criticism in the postcolonial era. Rohinton Mistry is one of the renowned international postcolonial writers of Parsi origin who is now settled in Canada and writes from there. His principal aim is to analyze the problems of the minute Parsi community. Parsi writing in English especially after India’s independence has become entirely ethnocentric. Mistry is not an exception. His writings are characterized both by ethnocentric and minority behavior. He delineates all the concerns of the present day Parsis. Main aim of this research is to tracing the ethnicity in Mistry’s selected short stories and the ethnic conflict and Parsis fate in India. This research will be done under the theory of Ethnicity and its aspects.Item The study of Islamic feminism mapping in the translator by Leila aboulela(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Mahnoor ShahidThis research aims to make personality analysis in the characters of Sammar, Nahla, Mahasen, Rae and Tarig from Leila Aboulela’s novel The Translator under the lens of Islamic Feminism, which was first, named by Margot in 2002. In this research the rules and regulations and rights which are set for the betterment of the women by Allah Almighty Himself are being discussed in the light of Sunnah, Hadith and Qur’an which is also taken as the sacred text. Different words, phrases and expressions are interpreted on the basis of religion and culture. Under this term it is believed that Islam has provided women with all sorts of rights consisting even of those which one could not even imagine, it gives the message of equality and also commands its believers to protect them like a treasure but also gives a free will to them. Where the society wants to treat them differently and creates such roots in the mind of people that a man’s conscious and unconscious simultaneously control his personality; his actions as well as his discourse for treating Muslim women as inferior to them thus since childhood all sorts of knowledge, discourse, myths, stories, beliefs, art, literature, fairy tales and culture etc. influence their unconscious mind. In The Translator Leila Aboulela in a very unique way explains these archetypes through the life of her protagonist and that how religion in being intertwined by culture and that how much a lady specially have to fight for using her shariya rights. To show that there is need to unveil certain mysteries in the universe, which hold connections and ties among different phenomenon.Item The introspective study of the protagonist’s evolution in Doris Lessing’s “the fifth child” through the Lense of Julia Kristeva theory of abjection(UMT, Lahore, 2019) UNZILA AHMAD KHANThe following research is a study of Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child and the entire work is the representation of the protagonist Ben. The focus of this thesis is to study Lessing’s overview via approaching her fiction as a try and understand the idea of various. This study centred on the story of Ben who was consider as other and despised by society. This research follows qualitative methodology purely relying on the text and the theory. This thesis mostly focuses on the otherness. This novel of Doris Lessing is contemporary gothic horror story centered on the birth of a baby who seems less than humans do, probes society’s unwillingness to recognize its own brutality. Therefore, this research focuses on the otherness of Ben who has not accepted by society.Item Endurances and deprivations of black women in maya Angelou’s i know why the caged bird sings(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Ans HabibIn America the experiences of black women in have been harsh and inhumane over the course of past four centuries. Brutally raped and used as a property, the black women have seen double marginalization. One, being a woman and the other is of being a black person. The patriarchal and racist society of America snatched the very right of living from the black people specially the women. The study focuses on Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Birds Sing as with the perspective of feminism to highlight issue of black women’s double marginalization. The feminist movement, along equal rights movements by the black, gave a breathing space to the colored women who had been treated as livestock for centuries. The study aims at the Maya Angelou’s semi-autobiographical novel, in which she wrote her autobiography in fictional style. The prime consideration for the study has been feminist theory to study the novel in a broader perspective. The art of autobiographical novel and writing about self-suffering has been knitted tightly in the novel which narrates the story of marginalization and drawback of being a black woman, quite vividly.Item From mourning to melancholia: a Freudian analysis of loss in Kanza Javed’s ashes, wine and dust(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Zaira AzharThis research focuses on the concept of loss which is highlighted through the character of Mariam Ameen the protagonist of novel Ashes, Wine and Dust by Kanza Javed. This novel will be analyzed through Freudian lens of Loss which mainly deals with the idea of mourning and grieving for the loved ones. Freud in his famous essay in “Mourning and Melancholia” points out that these two major processes involves detachment from the loved one and he stresses on the point that the individuals who are suffering from grieving phase are in search for an attachment that has been lost. By following the concept of grief and mourning this paper contends that Mariam is a victim of grief and bereavement who after losing her beloved relations falls into a state of melancholy. Although this process of mourning and feeling pain for the loved one’s who are lost is a natural feeling, Freud argues that one should also focus on letting go of the things which is essential for moving on with life to recover from the state of depression and to return to normal life. Mariam who suffers from mourning state is struck hard by another loss which turns her into a melancholic person and this loss eventually causes her own death.Item Female voice and transnationalism in home fire by Kamila Shamsie(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Ayqa JamilThis paper examines the struggle of a women living far from her homeland, the dilemma of an immigrant and the way she has been treated by the global world in Shamsie’s Home Fire. The culture of Pakistan profoundly digs in male centric society and promotes male chauvinism. Literature is one of the most important means of questioning such images which seek to marginalize women and ensure male dominion. The investigation of Pakistani fiction is a prolific ground for feminist fault finders, looking to uncover the political elements of portrayal and to undermine male centric underestimation of women. This paper contends that Shamsie depicts a world loaded with nationalistic motivation. The life of Shamsie’s female characters is replete with struggle and they face issues on both local and global ground. She also encompasses the female constraints ranging from covering one's head to the regular cross examination. Focusing on the concept of transnationalism by Sasskia Sassen this paper highlights the struggle of being a women in a postmodern world where hegemonic structures are shifting and female voices are emerging out.Item Socio-political environment in Androcles and the lion With the application of CDA(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Fakruddin TajGeorge Bernard Shaw’s plays are the utmost representation of the Victorian society, due to his real depiction Shaw was the most renowned figure in the history of English literature and his plays are still performed world widely. In his writings we can find the Victorian anxieties such as political issues, social issues, injustices and unbearable reality of the Victorian epoch. Shaw arouse the Victorian anxieties through different believers and different characters, the eccentric behavior of the roman emperor depicts the uneducated capitalists who used to torture and make slaves of common people and manipulate them. Mostly critics agree about the consequences happening in the play and appreciating the work for the real depiction. The main target of the research was find out the problems and the operation of Victorian era and the persecution on common people, religion conflicts and Shaw attitude towards the Victorian society. The research work will try to reach to the closest possible meaning of the text through the application of critical discourse analysis theory. The different discourses of ‘’critical discourse analysis’’ have been explained to support the theory. Through the application of CDA principles on the play the research will try to come up with a new understanding of the play Androcles and the lion.Item Broken relations and navigation of mother ship(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Ali HaiderHow do you leave a mother who associates her life’s meaning and fulfillment to you and your achievements, without breaking her heart? How do you surrender all your passion to a lover while leaving some for the woman who gave birth to you, reared you, and loved you? This paper analyzes D.H. Lawrence’s semi-autobiographical novel Sons and Lovers which displays the pendulum of a young man’s love swinging to-and-fro from his deep bond with his mother to his passionate relationships with his lovers. It is a fragile pendulum that slowly cracks and inevitably breaks. It is a beautiful account of a man who is unable to choose which impulse to follow. The situation is picked up from Lawrence’s life itself, and as Jessie Chambers, the girl on whom Miriam was based, describes, it was simply that while loving his mother with an almost romantic passion, he had nothing left to give to a lover. A careful study of this text by Lawrence shows us an extreme case of Oedipus complex. Since Paul was a baby, Mrs. Morel treated him in a special way that had led in time to a pretty tight bondage between them. The mother-son love pushes the normal limit of familial affection, becoming almost erotic.Item Thematic analysis of women protagonist in the novel ‘the joys of motherhood’ in African feminist perspective(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Sara Jaleel RaoThe present study explores the emerging trends in postcolonial literary works of African women writers from feminist perspective. The main objective of the research is to explore how Buchi Emecheta reflects African feminist perspective in the novel ‘The Joys of Motherhood’. Thematic Analysis of gender representation modes has been done along four dimensions namely: a. social role/s and status, b. social mobilization, and c., family structure, d., resistance for change from tradition to modernism. The mode of analysis is descriptive. The major finding of the study is that there is some evidence of gender identity awareness and social recognition and mobilization in the two selected novels. However, there is no clear evidence of resistance for change from the tradition to modernism.Item A Baudrillardian exploration of hyper reality and simulation in steven Spielberg’s ready player one (2018) and spike Jonze’s her (2013)(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Anza ShahidThis study aims at investigating Baudrillard’s concept of hyper reality and simulation in the contemporary age of social media apocalypse, with reference of Steven Spielberg’s, Ready Player One (2018) and Spike Jonze film Her (2013). For comprehension, simulacra is the copy of a copy that can stand on its own and is far removed from the original. It is the perfect model of the real that supersedes the reality. When reality is replaced by fabricated images, one gets into the realm of hyper reality. This study unfolds the truth about the obsessive use of Simulacra in the world today. It investigates how virtual reality has led one through the threshold into the hyper reality. This study aims to portray how the lack of distinction between simulation and reality results in nihilism, identity crises and melancholia. The undertaken endeavor examines the progression of Baudrillard’s four orders of simulacra in Ready Player One (2019), and it investigates fragmentation of meanings and reality of virtual relationships in Her (2013). It also explores how our search of utopia led us to lose sight of reality. This thesis examines the question of technological dread asked in these films and that life, not rooted in reality, is not the life worth living.Item Finding other reality in Sadat Hassan Manto’s short stories under the lens of madness and violence(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Zainab QaziThe purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the madness of Sadat Hassan Manto’s fictional characters through the lens of violence by considering his selected short stories like Kali Shalwar, Odor, Toba Tek Singh, Untie It and The Lump of old flesh. Manto scrutinizes the brutal inequalities which make the people of that time traumatized which was considered the mucky side of humanity. Binary opposition makes the line of demarcation between two factors which are totally opposite to each other. One is being highlighted and other is ignored by human beings. The factor which is being diminished totally depends on the world view of every human being. This research will deal with the theory of Michel Foucault which he calls “The Great Confinement” in his book “Madness and Civilization”. We are focusing the rational response to the mad, who had been consigned to society’s margins under the fact of spreading vulgar writings. The Characters portrayed by Manto were being ignored widely in the society by that time due to the writing style of Manto. This research tends to highlight “Other Reality” and the foremost role of social reality and the truth which is being treated as a puppet in hands of human beings. As a result the important things which are not evident to us but observable in our action will be clear to us. We’ll be able to analyze violence which is used as a mode to reveal the other side of coin which is called the other realityItem The transmogrification of magical realism in the cinematic adaptation of perky Jackson(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Huda FarooqThe study is to show the transmogrification of magical realism in screen especially in Percy Jackson’s adaptations by Chris Columbus. The purpose of this research is to identify magical realism in Percy Jackson’s adaptations. Magical realism is the representation of an oxymoron, which includes the blending of reality and fantasy. The first part of the research involves the recognition of this genre in cinema. Is it a trend, which filmmakers are following, or is it the real picture of magical realism that has been portraying in cinema world? The second part of this research unveils the blending of mythology with modernism in Percy Jackson’s adaptation. The third part of the research describes the characteristics of magical realism like time, hyper-reality and fantastical elements like Telepathy, Telekinesis, Phantasmagorical and Meta-Fictional elements within the sphere of two movies of Percy Jackson’s text, which are, Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief and Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters. The employed framework of this study covers through Wendy Faris’ Theory on Magical Realism, in Percy Jackson’s adaptations.Item Bourgeoisie condition in the scarlet letter(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Gulraiz FalakThe Purpose of this qualitative research is to analyze the drastic effects of Bourgeoisie consideration about the Proletariats as a consideration of lower-class in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter in its relation. This paper is a venture to reveal how these binary oppositions work, throughout the story of the novel, to emphasis holy appearance as a mechanical tool for fixing puritanical codes of conduct and a crucial reality as a mechanism for fabricating new one empire. The recital of The Scarlet Letter whirls around the never-ending conflict of Hester Prynne versus society in which the recurrent theme of conflicts between appearances is middling into different elements of the novel. The gravity of this theme embodies corruption in the codes of religion through the hands of Bourgeoisie, wearing religious costumes and hide the sin and by a protagonist who claims objectivity and profanes the Puritanical codes. By applying Karl Heinrich Marx, the theory of Marxism, communism is needed to occur in the story of the novel. This treatise is about the revolution for communism over the society versus individual, Religion versus society, and love versus advantage with a look at the two major characters of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Conclusively, Capitalists wanted to dominate over the lower-class community for getting the productive advantages through their tough rules.Item Probing psyche and personality in the scarlet letter(UMT, Lahore, 2019) M. Saleem AltafThe dissertation aims at exploring The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne through the lens of Psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud. This novel has always been a celebrated work of literature. It contains various themes related to daily lives of the readers as depicted by the characters within the novel. The novel by Hawthorne has potential of generating multiple meaning. The psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud claims that human mind is a very complex phenomenon. It has the potential of examining human mind and psyche under various conditions. Those conditions are found under the novel as research suggests. The research examines the psyche and mentality of the main characters of the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The research focuses on the changing psyche and personality of the main characters of the novel like Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth. The research examines the novel with in-depth details and incidents that show the changing psyche or personality of the characters. Sigmund Freud also talks about the different states of mind that are conscious and unconscious or subconscious part of human mind. The researcher describes the characters of the novel with respect to their changing mind that lead to their changing psyche. The researcher applies the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud on the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The researcher discusses Freudian model of psyche that contains id, ego and superego. The researcher applies these modes of psyche or human personality on the characters of the novel and tells about their changing psyche and personalities with the help of comments of critics and references from the novel.Item The female character of hayavadana in the light of psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Hania ShoukatThe dissertation enlightens the “Psychoanalytical Study of Girish Karnard’s Hayavadana” (1975). This research will explore this play through the lens of Theory of psychoanalysis presented by Sigmund Freud. The play uses the symbolic language which is interpreted psychoanalytically to reveal the underlying content of the mind. It views the psychology of man and woman on two levels, the consciousness and sub consciousness. It is the study to bring out the split in one’s identity because of the conflicts between life of instincts and regulations. Furthermore the desertion brings forth the protagonist self-identity through psychoanalytical approach.Item An atypical representation of star wars (1977), Leia as a female hero through the theoretical underpinnings of Sherrie Inness action chicks(UMT, Lahore, 2019) Aniqa AslamThe research paper focuses on the Princess Leia, a female character in the “Star Wars (1977)” films. This dissertation will discuss basic ideas of portrayal of female character in the movie “Star Wars (1977)” in the context of feminism, subverting traditional gender roles and the character of Leia is analyzed as a female hero. This study will discuss the character of Leia that how it portrays strong feminist individual and how it affects the whole plot of film by applying Action Chicks theory which talks about the portrayal of tough female in popular culture. This research uses the qualitative method of content analysis to examine this portrayal of Leia as a female hero.