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Patterns of uterine abnormalities and frequency of tubal blockage on Hysterosalpingography among women with primary and secondary infertility in population of Punjab Pakistan
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) Noor Ul Ain; Hadia Hafeez; Mishma Mahmood; Muhammad Muneeb Nasir; Abdul Mateen; Muhammad Jawad Shahbaz
Background: Infertility is a key reproductive health issue that affects millions of couples in the world and has great medical, psychological, and social implications. Among the female factors that are the most significant causes of infertility, structural abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes are considered. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an imaging modality that is commonly employed as the first-line tool of assessing the morphology of the uterine cavity and the patency of tubes in infertile women. The objective of the current research was to establish the trend of uterine abnormalities and prevalence of tubal blockage identified on hysterosalpingography in women with both primary and secondary infertile women at Punjab, Pakistan. Aim: The research will attempt to evaluate the trends of uterine abnormality and incidence of fallopian tube obstruction using hysterosalpingography (HSG) on women with primary and secondary infertility. It will also make a comparison of HSG in the two groups of the Pakistani population. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study in a hospital and it was done at the Department of Radiology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. The study included 175 infertile women aged 18 to 45 years who had HSG to determine their infertility issues through the use of consecutive sampling. It was done based on a structured proforma; data on demographic characteristics, reproductive history, and HSG findings were collected and analyzed through SPSS. Results: Majority of the respondents were aged between 29 and 39 years (60.6), primary infertility (51.4) was slightly more prevalent than secondary infertility (48.6), with an infertility period of mainly 1-5 years (72.6). Most of them (72) had regular menstrual cycles, with the most frequent ones being 22-25 days (48.6). In 67.4, HSG revealed normal uterine cavity in 67.4 percent and abnormalities in 32.6 percent, congenital abnormalities in 26.3 percent, mostly arcuate uterus (19.4%). In terms of tube status, the right tube was found to be patent in 59.4 and left tube patent 65.1 and both proximal and distal obstructions were noted. The peritoneal spill was bilateral in the 45.7, unilateral in 31.4 and not present in 22.9. In total, abnormal HSG results were more common (74.3%), tubal pathology was the most common (32.6%), combined (21.1) and uterine abnormalities were the most common (20.6%). The type of infertility was significantly correlated with the HSG findings ( p = 0.035). vii Conclusion: The most frequent abnormal observation in infertile women undergoing HSG was found in tubal pathology especially secondary infertility. The results provide a strong case in favor of the use of hysterosalpingography as an effective and inexpensive diagnostic instrument in measuring uterine and tubal factors that cause infertility particularly in resource constrained environments.
Prevalence of normal, premature, early and late menopause and its correlation with endometrial thickness, associated postmenopausal symptoms and comorbidities on ultrasound in lahore
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) MANAL WAJID; NABEEHA QAYYUM; SEHRISH SADIQ; ISHA SHAHID; ANUMTA KHAN; HAFSA MAZHAR; AYESHA
Menopause describes the period of a woman's life when she no longer has a menstrual cycle and is no longer fertile. Using pelvic ultrasound imaging, this study sough to find the prevalence of menopause types including normal, premature, early and late menopause and its correlation with endometrial thickness, associated postmenopausal symptoms and comorbidities in postmenopausal women. One hundred and fourteen patients from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Aadil hospital and Services Hospital in Lahore participated in a cross- sectional observational study. To determine the prevalence of menopause types including normal, premature, early and late menopause and its correlation with endometrial thickness, each participant underwent pelvic ultrasound. According to the findings, normal menopause was most prevalent, accounting for 55.3% of the total population. Furthermore, the prevalence of early menopause was 28.1%, the prevalence of late menopause was 13.2% and the prevalence of premature menopause was 3.5%. A substantial correlation between age at menopause and menopause type was shown by statistical analysis using chi-square tests (p = 0.000). Significant correlation was observed between menopause type and endometrial thickness (p = 0.000). Furthermore, significant correlation was observed between hypertension (p=0.001, p
Lower limb peripheral artery disease assessment via ankle brachial index and CT angiography
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) SHAHER BANO; SYEDA TAZMEEN BATOOL; SHIZA HUSSAIN; USHNA GUL; IQRA YAHYA; WALEED ABDULLAH
Objective: The primary objective of our study was to correlate ABI with CTA findings. The second main objective was to see most affected arterial segments in both males and females. Materials and Method: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, type 2 diabetic patients with suspected PAD underwent by ABI measurement and CT angiography. Cardiovascular risk factors and PAD symptoms data were recorded. Exclusion criteria included amputation, pregnant women, patient having connective tissue disorders, renal impairment. Inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetic patients, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, patient in whom ABI can be measurable. ABI measurements correlate with CT angiography detected degree of stenosis and arterial calcification to find out the association. Also, the association between genders and arterial segments were evaluated. Results: Mostly patients were of older age, presenting mostly with symptoms of exertional leg pain and then the rest pain. Few patients presented with symptoms of ulcer/gangrene. The lower limb involvement in PAD mostly bilateral and then in the left leg. There was no significant association found between genders and arterial segments. The association between ABI and degree of stenosis and ABI and CTA detected arterial calcification show the statistical significance results (p
Lumbosacral structural changes in patients presenting with low back pain on LS x-ray and its association with clinical symptoms
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) Ayesha Asim; Mahrukh Baig; Fiza Fatima; Hameed Jan; Noor Humayun; Habiba Faryad
Background: Low back pain is a musculoskeletal complaint that is commonly linked with structural changes of the lumbosacral spine. Radiographic analysis of lumbosacral area is frequently employed to detect the existence of underlying abnormalities, but the connection between radiological alterations and clinical symptoms is not clear. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the association between clinical findings and lumbosacral structural structural changes in patients with low back pain and to explore the role of X-ray in diagnosis. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 150 patients with low back pain who had lumbosacral spine radiography. Socio demographic data and clinical features were documented. The numerical Scale was used to measure the severity of pain. Radiological evidence including the disc space reduction, osteophytes, spondylolisthesis, degeneration of facet joint, sacroiliac joint, deformity of the vertebral body, and the degree of involvement of the spine were assessed. Radiological findings, clinical variables and pain severity were found to be associated statistically Results: The average age of the sample was 46.8 years old +15.7 and 53.3 percent of the research subjects were males. 48.7% of the patients reported the presence of pain that radiated to the legs, and 51.3% of the patients suffered numbness or tingling. The average pain level was 5.62 mean with a standard deviation of 2.28 which also means an average level of pain. The most common radiologic finding was vertebral body deformity (57.3%) and spondylolisthesis (53.3%). But, the association between abnormality in radiology, clinical symptoms and the severity of pain were found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The lumbosacral altered structure is typical of the patients with the low back pain, yet these changes are not always related to the severity of clinical manifestations.
The impact of wearable health devices on overall health and wellbeing, sleep quality and psychological health of university going students
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) Ayesha Asif; Beebarg Ali; Hina Amjad; Aleeha Shahzadi
In recent years wearable health devices have got popular among the university students, as they often use the wearable device to track their daily activities, their sleep pattern, and general health. But the questions yet remain about whether these devices truly improve health results for young individuals. This study compared physical health, mental wellbeing and sleep quality between students who use wearable health devices and those who do not. In a cross-sectional survey of 176 student participants aged 19-27 from different disciplines was conducted using the standardized tools, which were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), WHO-5 Wellbeing index, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21). The study results showed that a number of participants struggled with poor sleep and psychological distress. While wearable health device users showed slightly better trends in some areas, the deviation were not statistically significant. Overall the results suggest that wearable health devices may produce awareness of health devices behaviors but do not necessarily lead to substantial improvements. Long run studies are needed to clarify their real effects