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eScholar is the institutional repository for research conducted at UMT and maintains a large collection of theses, dissertations and projects produced by UMT graduates as part of their respective degree programs. It includes (but not limited to):
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- Graduate Program Research Projects
- Undergraduate Program Reports and Final Year Projects
- Full-text articles/research work of faculty and students
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Recent Submissions
Islamic finance as a catalyst for ESG integration empirical analysis
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Abdiwahab Mouse Gedi
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration is now a key aspect of responsible finance that helps the world expand in a more sustainable way (Friede ed al., 2015). Islamic finance, on the other hand, is founded on ethical and Shariah-compliant norms and supports principles that are comparable to those of ESG (Dusuki & Abdullahi, 2007). There are a lot of similarities between the two, but ESG isn't used much in Islamic banking and hasn't been researched very much, especially at the national level. This research focusses at how Islamic financing may help and encourage ESG integration in countries with a lot of Muslims and countries with a small number of Muslims. This study uses a number of well-known theories, such as Stakeholder Theory (Freeman, 1984), Institutional Theory (DiMaggio & powell,1983), Resource-Based View (RBV) (Barney,1991), and Legitimacy Theory (Suchman,1995), to help explain how ethics, institutions, resources, and reputation affect ESG practices. The report makes apparent what vital ideals like Islamic financial development, caring for the environment, being socially responsible, and good governance are. It also has information from several nations so that patterns may be seen on a national level. The study looks at how ESG issues impact the growth and success of Islamic finance using panel data from a number of countries. It also looks at whether things like the quality of regulations, people's understanding of money, and how advanced the Islamic banking industry is may influence this connection. The report includes a lot of information on how Islamic banks may assist attain sustainability goals while keeping faithful to Islamic ideals by connecting ESG indicators to things like profit, efficiency, and the number of people who use financial services. The results should be helpful in both theory and practice. They will show how Islamic finance can be a greater part of the global ESG movement and give helpful tips to governments, banks, and development partners. This study also fills a gap in the research that is already out there by looking at things in detail across several countries and taking into account disparities in governance and market development. In the conclusion, it says that Islamic finance should not just be recognized as a moral choice, but also as a leader in sustainable finance.
Impact of ownership structure on investment efficiency of sharia compliant firms
(UMT, Lahore, 2025) Muhammad Azmat Shaheen
The research primarily investigates the performance of sharia-compliant firms in the context of ownership structure and its influence on free cash flows and investment inefficiencies. The study further explores the mediating function of free cash flows and the moderating effect of leverage levels in these sharia-compliant firms. Proxies for ownership structure include ownership concentration and ownership mix. The study employs investment inefficiency derived from a residual model as a proxy for efficiency. Additionally, free cash flows are measured by the free cash flows and the debt level is measured through the leverage ratio of the enterprises involved. A sample of 90 firms’ data, drawn from the Sharia indices, is analyzed from 2009 to 2020. The analysis utilizes the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique on panel data using STATA for regression and moderation analysis, while mediation analysis employs the pooled ordinary least squares technique. The findings indicate a statistically significant influence of ownership structure on investment decisions and on the levels of free cash flows within these firms. The free cash flow significantly mediates the relationship between ownership structure and investment decisions, whereas leverage is found to significantly moderate the effects of ownership structure on investment inefficiencies and the free cash flows. This research fundamentally guides the policy makers on the industry level and the decision makers on the firm level while providing empirical evidence regarding stakeholders’ tendencies toward investment decisions and cash-holding behavior in both low and high debt environments within sharia-compliant firms.
Sonographic findings of ectopic pregnancy and correlation with beta HCG and maternal age
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) Manail Shahzad; Khadija Ijaz; Umme Amara Khalid; Maria Maqbool; Asman Zarar; Alisha Ali
Ectopic pregnancy is a kind of abnormal pregnancy in which fetus grows outside the uterus, ectopic pregnancy rupture is the main cause of maternal mortality in the worldwide. The present research is focused on evaluating the correlation between Sonographic findings of ectopic pregnancy with, beta hcg and maternal age. The present research employed a retrospective study design carried out during November to march 2026, among 42 women of ectopic pregnancy. Data on ectopic pregnancy of women were gathered via Performa or questionnaire. Collection and analysis of data conducted using SPSS Version 25. out of 42 patient there is no significant correlation between maternal age and sonographic findings of ectopic pregnancies while out of 42 patients, extrauterine gestational sac and tubal ring sign are significantly correlate with categories of beta hcg. According to our study, the most common type of ectopic pregnancy is adnexal ectopic pregnancy and also 1%scar ectopic pregnancy is seen in beta hcg category of greater than >3000
Correlation of x-ray based kellgren lawrence grading with womac score in knee osteoarthritis
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) Fizza Khan; Irza Asif; Hamna Mumtaz; Sweeba Zamin; Laiba Fiaz; Maira Ijaz
Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases characterized by progressive cartilage deterioration of the joints ending in pain, stiffness and severe limitations to movement. The radiographic evaluation that is based on the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system is still the most widely used standard of structural severity of knee osteoarthritis. At the same time, the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is commonly used as a patient-reported outcome measure, which encompasses the aspects of pain, stiffness, and functional condition. The current cross- section observational study was aimed at quantifying the relation between KL grading and WOMAC scores between those presenting with osteoarthritis of the knee. 93 patients were consecutively recruited from the outpatient departments of various hospitals of the city of Lahore over a three-month period by using non-probability sampling. Demographic features (age, sex, time of disease, and bilateral involvement of the joints) were recorded. Weight bearing anteroposterior knee radiograph was evaluated by a blinded radiologist using the KL classification; simultaneously, WOMAC scores were provided using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Statistical computing was carried out using the version 25.0 of the programs "SPSS statistical package." Tests of normality, namely the Kolmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk procedures, confirmed non-normal distribution for both the variables, thus supporting the use of Spearman's rank order correlation. Findings showed that there was a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between KL grade and total WOMAC score (rs = .754, p < .001) which suggested that the severity of the disease as measured by radiographic examination was concomitant with the patient's functional disability and symptoms burden. These results confirm the clinical significance of KL grading as a prognostic factor for patient reported functional outcome of knee osteoarthritis.
Role of HRCT in detecting early lung changes in smog-exposed individuals with normal chest radiographs
(UMT, Lahore, 2026) Tasneem Naeem; Saher Arshad; Farwa Sadaf; Hisseen; Aleena Shahid; Urwa Farooq
Objective : To determine the frequency and pattern of HRCT parenchymal abnormalities in smog exposed patients with normal chest radiographs. To assess the association between duration of smog-exposure and severity of HRCT detected lung changes. Methodology : This cross-sectional observational study examined the frequency and pattern of High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) parenchymal abnormalities in smog exposed adults whose chest radiographs had been reported as normal, and assessed whether longer duration of smog exposure was associated with greater severity of CT-detected changes. Seventy adults residing in designated high-pollution urban zones of Lahore were enrolled from the Departments of Radiology at Itefaq Hospital and Capital Diagnostic Centre using consecutive purposive sampling. All participants had documented smog exposure of at least three years, at least one respiratory symptom, and a normal chest radiograph. Standardized non-contrast HRCT of the chest was performed and interpreted by two independent radiologists using a dual-reader protocol. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with chi-square, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. Results : HRCT parenchymal abnormalities were detected in 57 of 70 participants (81.4%) despite normal chest radiographs. Ground-glass opacity was the most prevalent finding (50.0%), followed by air trapping (32.9%), bronchial wall thickening (24.3%), centrilobular nodularity (20.0%), and interstitial changes (15.7%). Ground-glass opacity was significantly more prevalent in Barki Road residents compared to all other residential zones (81.8% versus 44.1%; Fisher exact p = 0.045, OR = 5.71). Stratification by daily outdoor smog exposure duration revealed a statistically significant dose-dependent gradient, with HRCT abnormality rates increasing from 66.7% among those with less than 4 hours of daily exposure to 95.7% among those with more than 8 hours (p = 0.038). Conclusion : HRCT detected lung abnormalities in 81.4% of smog-exposed Lahore residents with normal chest X-rays, most commonly ground-glass opacity (50%). Findings were diffusely distributed, with higher prevalence in Barki Road residents. Results show that chest radiography underestimates smog-related lung injury, while HRCT identifies significant subclinical disease