Ghulam Qadir2025-09-232025-09-232007https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/6749Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are the networks that use passive devices in distribution networks and therefore provide a low budget and cost effective solution for the access networks. The main component of PON are Optical Line Terminal (OLT) , Optical Network Unit (ONU) and Optical Distribution Network (ODN). PONs can be deployed in different topologies such as Ring , Bus and Star depending upon the requirements. PONs provide both point-to-point (P2P) and point-to-multipoint (P2MP) architectures. The first standard of PON proposed by Full Service Access Networks, a group of 20 companies, was Asynchronous Transmission Mode Passive Optical Network (ATM-PON) that later on renamed as Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON). Three other types of PONs are Ethernet-PON, Gigabit Ethernet- PON and Wavelength Division Multiplex - PON. The purpose of this document is to generate a brief overview of PON technologies, their comparison with existing technologies and make assertion on the future scope of these technologies.enThesis