Durrani, Fauzia2018-04-092018-04-092017https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2953Supervised by: Dr. Muhammad Masroor AhmadQuantum Cryptography has emerged to be a relatively new area in the field of cryptography in recent decades. It assures the secure transmission of information between two parties on the internet in a more secure way as compared to the traditional cryptographic schemes currently being used. Existing cryptographic techniques like symmetric and asymmetric encryption schemes, majorly, are based on the mathematical models. Although these techniques provide assurance about the security of the transmitted information over a network however with the advent of more powerful computers there are possibilities that hackers would be able to breach these techniques. In such a scenario, Quantum cryptography offers a better crypto graphical solution since, instead of relying on mathematical rules; it depends upon the proven laws of physics and assures the secure transmission of information among two parties in a more secure manner as compared to traditional cryptographic schemes used. A brief and comprehensive literature review is performed to investigate the reasons why classical or current cryptographic techniques have been failed or are vulnerable to security breaches. Why and how quantum cryptography and its technique QKD is more suitable and in which areas it could be proved useful. A comprehensive analysis is performed to elaborate its basic idea and its usage. Besides being a powerful technique why it has not been commercially much successful. What are the threats and possible attacks it is prone to. QKD being a technique of Quantum cryptography is a powerful technique that could be used to secure one extremely sensitive data in an effective manner but it has some serious kind of challenges that need to be tackle in order to make it suitable and safe technology for use on commercial basis.enQuantum CryptographyQKD being a technique of Quantum cryptographyThesis