Laiba Azeem2025-09-012025-09-012024https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/5833The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots in higher education has transformed students‘ learning experiences, offering instant access to information, research support, and problem-solving capabilities. However, concerns have emerged regarding their impact on critical thinking, academic performance, and memory retention (digital amnesia).en-USThesis