Zulqarnain Riaz2025-11-122025-11-122021https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/10037Production of electricity from photovoltaic solar panels has burgeoned in recent years, as the total global capacity reached 306GW in 2016, and still growing with a massive rate of 50% [1, 2]. The development of solar power plant is wide spread across a range of diverse ecosystems and locations, ranging from deserts in California, to forests in England, to tropical regions. Yet the environmental impacts of such facilities have not been comprehensively addressed in the current literature. Solar parks may have consequences for several environmental changes, and the deployment of PV solar panels on a wide scale has faced potential negative environmental implications, yet there has been very little research effort to quantify the impacts on local climate. It is uncertain that whether the PV solar power plants have potential to create heat Island effect or their presence is unnoticeable. The physical presence of solar parks will impact solar radiation fluxes and thus temperature. Prior studies and work on the photovoltaic heat Island effect has been mostly theoretical and their scope is limited to only a single biome. I aimed my scope of study on two crucial parameters of the atmosphere i.e. temperature and humidity, (the humidity is calculated for only site No. 1 as Karachi is a coastal city). The sensors were installed under the solar panel for site 1 and site 2 and over the solar panel for site 3. From the results, I found that the daily minimum and maximum temperatures were significantly warmer and cooler respectively, when compared with the result of reference point without solar panels. The rise in the temperature at night was found at all three (03) sites, which shows that the solar panels acts as black body and absorbs solar radiations at day time and release the same at night creating the PV heat island effect. Hence it is concluded, the deployment of PV solar plants alters the process of reflection of the incoming solar energy into the atmosphere. PV solar plants reduce albedo due to which landscape becomes darker and less reflective. Photovoltaic renewable energy has given rise to the concerns about the engendered rise of heat Island effect.enThesis