FARHAN YAQOOBZAIN SAFDARM GHOUS UL SALIKAIN2025-11-202025-11-202022-09https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/11238umanity has long sought to give its creations lifelike traits in an attempt to discover replacements for itself to carry out its commands and function in a hostile environment. The common conception of a robot is one that functions and appears human. The industry is transitioning from its current state of mechanization to one of robotics, increased efficiency, and improved quality. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a mechanical arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a rigid chain of connections that may be open or closed. A mechanical controller, also referred to as a robot arm, is one type of robot frequently used in the industry. It is a movable joint-connected open or closed kinematic chain of rigid connections, consisting of the midsection, upper arm, and lower arm, which have joints at the shoulder and elbow. A wrist joint interacts with an end effector at the end of the arm.enThesis