Syed Raza Abbas2018-08-152018-08-152017https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/3167Supervised By: Dr. Farah NazABSTRACT In this research, the main theme is to create for unification in the society by creating unification in prevailing foundational philosophies, taking Pakistanas a prime example where a nation is facing an identity crisis. Other than society itself, education can be termed as a major player sharing a great responsibility in the resolution of this crisis by creating philosophical unification resulting into unification in the society. In Pakistanthe ideology of Allama Muhammad Iqbal can possibly be taken as an official ideology for education as it is based upon unification of knowledge approach which unites the two said opposite poles of Idealism and Realism thus practically defeating the right and the left extremism. In this study an insight analogy is presented between the ideologies of Allama M. Iqbal and Mullah Sadra, depicting that the patterns of Iqbal`s concept of Khudi (individuality) are quite traceable on the foot prints of Mullah Sadra`s metaphor of waj`ud (existence), leading to unification of both subject and the object. Four of the major factors influencing the development of Iqbal`s individuality, are identified to conduct content analysis of primary science textbooks of four different publishers implemented in Pakistani society. This study is done in order to analyze the difference in the ideological patterns of these books to be more Idealistic, realistic or unification in nature. A QUAL+QUAN design is selected, involving qualitative content analysis of the books and quantitative survey on the same selected themes of the books by the teachers teaching them. Interesting results are observed showing the books to be ideologically tilted either towards left or right wing ideologies, helping in grooming some sort of extremism rather than unification, the middle path. These verified patterns show the variety of the philosophical foundations in the society and explain the reason for the identity crises in Pakistani society. Those who are groomed to be philosophically at odds to each other can never be alike in their practice as a nation.enFoundational philosophiesIdeology of Allama Muhammad IqbalThesis