Tayyab Raees2025-12-182025-12-182019https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/16840For energy production, renewable sources are prevailing than non-renewable sources because of their non-polluting and less contaminating characters. Solar energy is emerging as a greater source of electricity production. By using PV solar panels, solar energy is being converted into electrical energy. However, to examine the maximum power point and to overcome the limitations of environmental change is the major problem in this photolytic system. The purpose of this research is to resolve the limitations of different techniques with high convergence rate, low complexity, and fewer fluctuations as compared to other techniques. There are two different techniques, one is incremental conductance (direct tracking technique) and second is fractional open-circuit voltage (indirect tracking technique). This research provides the hybrid technique of FOCV and IC, which works in partial shading, uniform, and the static environment as well to maximize the power output. The proposed technique is extremely useful as it results in improvement of the efficiency and reduces the cost of the PV module, easy to install, and has a low maintenance cost. The whole algorithm has been implemented via two steps. In the first step, fractional open circuit voltage divides the whole power voltage curve into many sections and then estimates the section in which the global maximum point is possible to achieve. In the second step, incremental conductance run and find out the exact peak. The efficiency of this module is checked by comparing its results with other MPPT methods by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Comparison has clearly shown that Improve Incremental conductance is more efficient and suitable in different shading conditions. Keywords; FOCV, Improved IC, Hybrid MPPT model.enThesis