Syed Ali Shan Hasan Gilani2018-04-092018-04-092017https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/2949Supervised by: Dr. Sohail NadeemAqueous solution of sodium alginate extracted from the algae on interaction with calcium chloride formed the gel beads of calcium alginate. The beads were washed again and again with distilled water and then dried at room temperature to remove extra water. Later these gel beads were characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. FTIR spectrum confirmed different functional groups whereas SEM images explained surface morphology of gel beads of calcium alginate. Gel beads of calcium alginate showed adsorption due the higher ratio of M/G. The percentage adsorption showed by the gel beads for lead was high as compared to other metals i.e. nickel and chromium due to coordination of oxygen atoms that are around the metal ion. Thus the order of adsoption is lead > nickel > chromium. The experiments showed that percentage adsoption for each metal remains same irrespective of the concentration of the solution for each metal, whereas the amount of metal uptake increased as the concentration of respective metal increases. The increase in metal adsorption is quite regular.enLead > nickel > chromiumExperiments showedMS thesisThesis