Azeem Tariq2025-08-282025-08-282020https://escholar.umt.edu.pk/handle/123456789/5495he overall purpose of this research is to focus on and examine the issues and reasons behind the fragile nature of the Indian Ocean (IO), as well as the strategic significance of the oceans for international shipping and trade. As any prospective solution would have an impact, this research investigate the actions of regional and extra-regional states involved in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).en-USThesis