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Item Co-ordination of metal ions with indole-3-acetic acid; synthesis, characterization and biological screening(UMT, Lhr, 2017) KIRAN NAZIA SIKANDARMetal carboxylates play very important role in various biological reactions. Significance of drugs and their complexes have been desired to synthesize and characterize some ternary inner transition metals complexes with carboxylate and their derivative. In this work, five mononuclear metal complexes such as zinc, copper and vanadium have been synthesized with indole-3-acetic acid as primary ligand and 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and 8-hydroxy quinoline as secondary ligands by reflux method. The synthesized transition metal complexes have been analyzed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and conductance measurement. The FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that nitrogen atom of ligand does not coordinate with metal ions. The vibrational frequency of NH was not shifted to a considerable extent in complexes 3–8 as compared to the free ligand (IAA). As a result, the indole-3-acetic acid work as simple carboxylic acid ligands even in the synthesis of chelate complexes. The outcomes of 1H-NMR showed that the -COOH resonance of IAA at 12.19 ppm was absent in Na-IAA and in complexes, which suggests the replacement of the carboxylic proton by the metal moiety. The synthesized complexes have distorted tetrahedral geometry in case of zinc complex and octahedral geometry in copper and vanadium due to the attachment of co-ligands. The molar conductance data of synthesized complexes revealed that the ligand and complexes are non-electrolyte. Antibacterial screening was performed by the well diffusion method against gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphlococcus aureus) bacteria. All complexes exhibited higher antimicrobial potential than ampicillin (standard reference drug). It was confirmed by inhibition zones that metal complexes are efficient antibiotic agents.Item Gc-ms studies of essential oil of peganum harmala l. And their antioxidant activity(UMT, Lhr, 2017) TAHREEM SALEEMPeganum harmala L. is a perennial plant belongs to family zygophyllaceae, usually known as hurmur, harmal or esfand. It is an important medicinal plant because it shows certain therapeutic and pharmacological effects. Chemical composition of Peganum harmala L. usually consists of phytochemicals, essential oil and fixed oil. The purpose of this study was to extract the essential oil from the leaves and seeds of Peganum harmala L. by hydro-distillation method using Dean-Stark apparatus and to characterize this oil by GC-MS. Total nine constituents of volatile were identified from the seeds and leaves of Peganum harmala L. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and antibacterial activity was determined well diffusion method from the essential oil of Peganum harmala. Best antioxidant activity was revealed by the essential oil at 100 µg/mL with the percentage inhibition 98.085. Antibacterial activity was determined by essential oil against four bacterial strains but best activity was revealed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by well diffusion method. This showed the medicinal properties of essential oil Peganum harmala L. against bacteria and oxidative species which produced in the body.Item Hepatoprotective effect of cichorium intybus linn(kasni) seeds extracts on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in albino mice(UMT, Lhr, 2017) AMNA KHALIDPresent investigations were carried out to establish the medicinal value of Cichorium intybus Linn. synonym chicory,. This medicinal plant belongs to the family Asteraceae. The objective of this research was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on the damaged liver of Swiss Albino mice by the induction of CCl4. The aqueous alcoholic seeds extract of chicory were provided orally in different doses 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg to albino mice divided into groups, each group had six mice. The dose was given for seven days and on the very next day of last dose followed by CCl4, a healthy mouse of each group was sacrificed, blood was taken in EDTA tubes and liver was stored in formalin solution. ALTs kits were used to test the blood of animals. It was observed that the levels of serum enzymes including Serum Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphate (ALKP), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), and bilirubin were decreased. For comparative analysis silymarin was used as a standard drug. The results clearly revealed that , the values of SGPT, SGOT, ALKP and Bilirubin were 56.05, 58.25, 139.11, 0.81 for negative control group, 57.06, 88.28, 137.85, 0.38 for positive control group, 107.89, 119.54, 158.36, 1.43 for C. intybus group (100 mg/kg), 91.44, 92.67, 189.41, 1.05 for C.intybus group (250 mg/kg) and 80.21, 74.29, 163.24, 0.78 for C. intybus group (500 mg/kg) repectively. The histopathological studies of mice liver were also carried out . This study showed that the plant seeds extract of 500mg/kg showed more positive effect rather than 250 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg against CCl4 induced liver damage. The results infered that the aqueous alcoholic seeds extract of Cichorium intybus showed excellent hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 induced liver damage in albino mice. This study proved that Cichorium intybus acts as an indigenous plant which is highly effective for the liver problems. Further work on Cichorium intybus is needed to isolate biological and chemical components from the seeds and to evaluate the biological activity of refined constituents.Item Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of aurones(UMT, Lhr, 2017) RUKHSANA RASHEEDMedicinal plants are the back bone in the treatment of various diseases. Flavonoids has been used for many ailments. Aurones belongs to the family of flavonoids, these are naturally occurring in many plants which play important role to give bright yellow color to the petals of different flowers. Due to the presence of double bond aurones have two types of configurations (Z/E). Aurones are useful in anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities. The present data was undertaken to find out the antibacterial activity and evaluation of various compounds which present in non-polar profile. The inhibition zone diameters against four tested bacteria are studied in antibacterial activity. Aurones were prepared by adding suitable quantities of benzaldehyde sample (such as p-anisole, 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy acetophenone). All these samples were fully characterized through IR. Results of antibacterial activity of methanolic extract showed that auronesposses less resistance against the pathogenic bacteria. This study was also show that methanolic extract of aurones was less potent against the Gran-positive than the Gram-negative bacteria. This study will be very useful to indicate the biosynthetic and pharmacological activity of plants for drug discovery.Item Use of low cost biodegradable salts for cotton dyeing(UMT, Lhr, 2017) MUHAMMAD UMAIRBiodegradable salts was used for the dyeing of cotton with exhaust method that help to reduce the effluents and environment friendly. Sodium acetate trihydrate (C2H9NaO5) mixed with soda ash (NaHCO3) for maintaining the pH of dyeing solution for completion of reaction, clear and even dyeing occur. The analysis of color fastness to laundering (SDC multifiber strips were used for staining test), color fastness to crocking (dry crocking and wet crocking was investigated) and color fastness to light (blue wool reference scale was used for detection of color change) were studied. All dyed fabric specimens showed excellent results as compared to inorganic salts.Item Dyeing of cotton using biodegradable salts(UMT, Lhr, 2017) MUHAMMAD FAROOQExhaust dyeing method was used for the eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabrics by using biodegradable salts such as potassium acetate (CH3CO2K) along with sodium bicarbonate. The experimental work carried out in the ratio of any biodegradable salts two grams and for obtaining pH (<10) of the solution sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was used, salts and four different reactive dyes were mixed separately in distilled water. Sodium bicarbonate was used to make the pH alkaline and for the completion of reaction. The cotton that was used (Twill weave cotton with the ends per Inch of 140 and pick per Inch 60). At last TDS value of the left effluents were taken through seven conductivity meter, by using biodegradable salts (potassium acetate) 25-30 % effluent were reduced. The color fastness to laundering, color fastness to crocking and color fastness to light of all fabric specimens dyed with all reactive dyes was found at good level. In replacement of sodium chloride, potassium acetate have been successfully employed to make the process environment friendly.Item Free radical scavenging activity of verbena bonariensis(UMT, Lhr, 2017) ZENOBIA ZULFIQARVerbena bonariensis (purpletop vervain) is a plant belongs to verbenaceae family. It is approximately 18 to 36 inch tall plant along with rigid branching stem having height 2 to 3 inch, purple colour flowers also observed on this plant in spring, summer and autumn season. It is used as a natural preservative rather than synthetic one. To ensure effectiveness of this plant the antioxidant action of five different fractions i.e. “chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, n-butanol and aqueous samples” of said plant were prepared and evaluated by using five different methods i.e “DPPH radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant study, ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis (FRAP), total phenolic contents and ferric thiocynate (FTC) assay”. Results shown that ethyl acetate soluble portion articulated maximum percentage inhibition of DPPH radical i.e 80.9 ± 0.87% inhibition at a concentration of 30μg/mL as compared to other fractions. While FRAP analysis result indicated the highest antioxidant activity along with n-butanol fraction i.e 322 ± 1.39 TE/μM , the other three methods effect indicated the highest antioxidant value against the ethyl acetate fractions. Enzyme inhibition activity of five fractions were evaluated by using enzymes like α- glucosidase, butyralcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase, results compared with quercetin having IC50 value 16.47±0.39, eserine having IC50 value 0.86±0.002, eserine having IC50 value 0.04±0.001 and baicalien having IC50 value 22.69±1.41 respectively. n- butanol indicated good activity (68.68±0.55 % inhibition with conc. 0.1 mg/mL) against α- glucosidase. Ethyl acetate indicated fine activity against butyralcholinesterase and lipoxygenase (71.45±0.65 & 66.75±0.91 with conc. 0.1 mg/mL) respectively. Aqueous fraction illustrated good activity against acetylcholinesterase (37.61±0.53 with conc. 0.1 mg/mL). Hence, this research confirmed that V. bonariensis is a valuable plant, which is used in many natural preservatives also beneficial in preparation of many folk medicines due to its significant antioxidant results.Item Validation studies for Methamphetamine by using ftir, gc-ms And uv-visible spectroscopy(UMT, Lhr, 2017) MUHAMMAD SAMEERBackground:Methamphetamine belongs to the class of amphetamine type stimulants. It is illicitly manufactured in clandestine laboratories. It is strong stimulant of central nervous system. Major precursors required for the manufacturing of methamphetamine includes ephedrine, pseudo-ephedrine and phenyl-2-propanone. Its manufacturing, possession, trafficking, distribution and sale have been restricted and controlled not only in Pakistan but internationally as well. Here we proposed a method for the detection and quantification of methamphetamine manufactured in Pakistan. The proposed method is quiet easy, simple, cost effective, require no complex methodology for sample preparation and its results are quiet reliable, accurate and reproducible. The detection or confirmation of methamphetamine was done by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).The quantification of methamphetamine was performed by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and all the parameters like accuracy, precision, linearity, reproducibility, limit of detection, limit of quantification etc were validated. The linearity range was 100 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml and the observed lambda max was 259 nm. The proposed method is easy, simple, and accurate and results are so reliable that it can be used for the case work in forensics and for drug analysis. Methods: The presumptive color testing was used for the detection of methamphetamine. The confirmation of methamphetamine was done by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the quantification of methamphetamine was performed by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Results:The linearity range was 100 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml and the observed lambda max was 259 nm. The calibrators were stable for continuous 4 days. The limit of detection was 50 µg/ml and limit of quantification was 100 µg/ml. The absorbance showed by methamphetamine in UV-Visible range is due to π to π* transition. FTIR spectrum showed that sample was 88 % pure and that of GC-MS showed that sample contain 83% methamphetamine.Item Hypoglycemic and free radical scavenging activity of triticum aestivum (wheat) sprout extracts on diabetic mice(UMT, Lhr, 2017) ZAHID GHULAM RASOOLTriticum aestivum is traditional medicinal plant used to treat diabetes, oxidative stress, cancer, ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, severity of rectal bleeding, thalassemia etc. The current work was planned to study the hypoglycemic, antioxidative and free radical controlling properties of ethanolic extracts of wheat sprouts Triticum aestivum. Six groups of Swiss albino mice were made and each group contains six albino mice. All the mice were injected alloxan monohydrate except normal group. Group 1 was treated as normal group and receives no treatment, group 2 receive 5mg/kg of glibenclamide after alloxan monohydrate induction, group 3 receive no treatment after alloxan monohydrate induction, group 4, 5 and 6 receive 500, 250 and 100mg/kg of wheat sprouts extract after alloxan monohydrate treatment respectively. All the mice of group 4, 5 and 6 show hypoglycemic activity and decreases blood glucose level, also increase in liver glycogen. The ethanolic extract of plant were screened for their antioxidant activity by different assays like DPPH radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum method and total phenolic content assay. Results displayed that ethnolic extract of wheat sprouts had very good antioxidant activity in DPPH assay and phosphomolybdenum method. TPC values ranging from 0.0170g/100g GAE to 0.6856g/100g GAE. There may be many factors behind this activity which needs more research on it by detecting and analyzing specific compound which cause this effect. The present results obtained from this study showed that the ethanolic extract of Triticum aestivum wheat sprouts possess significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities in Swiss albino diabetic mice.Item Synthesis and characterization of sanguinarine nitrate(UMT, Lhr, 2017) SYED HASSAN ASKARYSanguinaria canadensis, common name bloodroot have eight isoquinoline alkaloids with six main alkaloids names as quaternary ammonium benzophenanthridine are sanguinarine, chelerythrine, sanguilutin, chelilutin, sanguherin, and quetririn in them sanguinarine alkaloid concentration is highest that is approximatly 50 %. Sanguinarin alkaloid was separated by precipitation method and sanguinarine nitrate was synthesized by repeated acid base reaction. In which concentrated amonia and dilute nitric acid was used. Conformation test was performed on HPLC and UV-vis. A shortest time period method was introduced on HPLC. Sanguinarine was separated on Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18, 4.6 x 100mm, 3.5 micron column, by using gradient elution of ACN (A) in 1% acetic acid in water (B). For quantification, Chromatograms were acquired at 254nm. 10µg/ml injection was passed repeatedly three times. Results showed peak area at 1.43±0.02 retention time. Nitrate confirmation was confirmed by salt analysis while in UV-vis spectrophotometer standard and sample was run at 300 nm from which concentration of nitrate was also determined.Item Photocatalytic degradation and biological evaluation of copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles(UMT, Lhr, 2017) RUBINA KHANPure coper oxide, zinc oxide and coper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20%, 25 %) are synthesized by co-precipitation method. Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) and copper sulphate (CuSO4. 5H2O) are used as starting material. The prepared particles are characterized by TEM and XRD. TEM results show the non-uniform shape of particles. TEM and XRD results show the size range of 50 nm, 100 nm and 200 nm for copper doped ZnO nanoparticles. The size of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles is 11.8 nm and 58.3 nm. The diffraction angles (2θ) are revealed by XRD at 37.27˚ for CuO, 36.74˚ for ZnO and 59˚ (15 %), 36˚ (25 %) for copper doped ZnO nanoparticles. The degradation activity on organic dyes (methylene blue and erichrome black T) in the presence of catalyst, reveals the effectiveness of copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles by gradual decrease in absorption peaks. UV results reveals that Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles are more effective to degrade the organic dyes as compared to pure copper and zinc oxide particles. Antimicrobial activity was performed by using well diffusion method. It is confirmed by inhibition zones that copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (25 %) are efficient antibiotic agents.Item Ecofriendly dyeing of cotton fabric(UMT, Lhr, 2017) FATIMA AHMADExhaust method was used for the eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabrics by using biodegradable salts such as sodium citrate along with soda ash. The experimental work carried out in the ratio of sodium citrate 2g, soda ash 3g, and reactive dye namely Blue R-Spenial 150% (Synozol), Red 6BN (Synozol), Ultra black G (Synozol) and Ultra wine DS (Synozol)0.4g with 100 ml of water. Soda ash was used to make the pH alkaline and for completion of reaction. The color fastness to laundering, crocking and light of all the dyed fabric specimen was found at good level by using biodegradable salt such as sodium citrate. The total dissolved of the effluent showed the better result with the lower value as compared to the non-biodegradable salt sodium chloride for the each reactive dyes. In the effluent the unfixed dye ratio is reduced by the use of biodegradable salt sodium citrate. So,in substitution of sodium chloride sodium citrate have been successfully employed to make the process ecofriendlyItem Estimation of medicinal value of achyranthes aspera(UMT, Lhr, 2017) FATIMA SAJIDThere are many plants reported in history which are used to cure various health problems. Herbal medicines occupy district position from the primitive period to present day. Achyranthes aspera is one of such medicinal plants and belongs to family Amaranthaceae. This plant A. aspera is commonly known as prickly chaff flower and almost all of its parts are used in traditional system of medicines. A. aspera is beneficial in the treatment of cancer, asthma, wound healing, hepatitis, malaria fever, cough, diabetes etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities from different extracts of seeds of A. aspera. Plant seeds were extracted with n-hexane, methanol and water. Phytochemical analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. For antibacterial activity, four bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudomonas, Klebsiella pneumonia and Eschericlia coli were used. Methanol extract of the seeds of A. aspera showed strong inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudomonas) and weak inhibitory activity against gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia and Eschericlia coli). Water and n-hexane extracts exhibits less inhibitory activity than methanol towards these bacterial strains. For the antifungal activity Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Methanol extract of the seeds of A. aspera exhibited highest activity against both fungal strains while the n-hexane extract shows low activity as compared to methanol. Water extract of A. aspera seeds showed no activity against these fungal strains. In antioxidant activity, gallic acid was used as standard. Water extract of A. aspera showed highest absorbance (1.8707) and n-hexane extract showed lowest absorbance (1.3332) while methanol absorbance (1.7725) which was less than water extract. Results of antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidant activities proved that A. aspera has significant medicinal value.Item Synthesis and characterization of albendazole nanoparticles and their microbial activities and dissolution rate(UMT, Lhr, 2017) MUHAMMAD ASIF CHATTHAMost of the drugs used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s) have low water solubility. Those are being used for many pharmaceutical applications that result in low bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue of drugs of low solubility and hence low bioavailability the drug nanoparticles is one of most recent research area. Use of drugs nanoparticles in different pharmaceutical dosage forms has many advantages over use of conventional material in terms of greater bioavailability, efficacy, and very low side effects. In current study Albendazole nanoparticles were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were then characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. X-ray diffraction pattern of sample showed that the prepared nanoparticles were crystalline in structure and their particle size was also in nano-scale. The dissolution rate of the parent drug and API was determined using the dissolution test apparatus and the remarkable change in dissolution rate was observed. The FTIR spectra of API (parental drug) and prepared nanoparticles have similar bands and no major structural changes were detected. The SEM images showed that prepared nanoparticles of drug were well shaped geometrical nano-particles. The antibacterial activities of API and prepared nanoparticles were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherechia coli was by agar well diffusion method. Prepared nanoparticles showed better results as compared to parent drug API.Item Transition metal complexes of a bidentate schiff base derived by condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological applications(UMT, Lhr, 2017) HIRA KANWALA condensation reaction between 2-aminothiophenol and 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde is carring out for the formation of 2(4-isoprppylphenyl)benzo[d]thiazole Schiff base. The molar ratio of the reaction is 1:1. Different characterization techniques are used for synthesized compounds. The prepared compounds are characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and conductance measurement. The stretching vibration of FT-IR data proved that azomethine (CH=N) is found in the ligand at 1620cm-1. The shifting of band to lower wave number at 1605-1636cm-1 in the complex which confirms the presence of azomethine group (-N=CH) and coordination with metal (M-N). UV-Visible spectral studies revealed that π-π* transitions were found in all compounds. The molar conductivity values indicate that all compounds are non-electrolytes. The XRD Data revealed that crystal structure of the ligand is triclinic and have P-1 space.Biological studies have shown that metal complexes inhibit ALP activity by attaching at the active sites of enzymes. The compounds also tested for in vitro antimicrobial screening by well diffusion method. A result indicates that metal complexes are good antimicrobial agents than ligand. The Vanadyl complex helpful in normalizing the blood glucose level and also suppress lipolysis. Vanadyl complex also play an important role in lowering the cholesterol level in blood.Item Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of transition metal complexes of (e)-4-((3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid(UMT, Lhr, 2017) AFSHAN RIZWANLigand, its sodium salt and four new metal carboxylates have been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, conductometry and UV-Visible spectroscopy. All the prepared compounds were solid and obtained in solid state. They have sharp melting points and have good yield. FTIR spectroscopy proved that there is no involvement of carbonyl group and amine group in metal-ligand coordination. Only carboxylic group was involved in complex formation. Molar conductance revealed that all the compounds are non-electrolytic in nature due to very low conductance. A broad band in copper complex (CuL2) represents the presence of water molecules. UV-Visible spectra proven that all the compounds appeared in UV region (200-400nm) have shown π-π* and n-π* which indicated that all the compounds were aromatic in nature. Different concentrations of synthesized compounds were used to for inhibition of alkaline phosphatase which proved that all the compounds possess inhibitory action against ALP.Item Analyzing the efficacy of sofosbuvir in HCV patients infected with 3a genotype in pakistan(UMT, Lhr, 2017) Saroosh ZahoorBackground: Hepatitis C is caused by hepatitis C virus and has infected 11 million people in Pakistan. 97 % of the patients are infected with 3a genotype of HCV. So, Sofosbuvir was used against HCV patients infected with 3a genotype. Methodology: This study was conducted at Mayo hospital Lahore. 217 patients of hepatitis C infected with 3a genotype were included in it. All of them were suffering from compensated chronic liver disease. 52 patients did not give follow up for given reasons: 32 patients could not be contacted to give follow up at the end of therapy and 20 patients were non-compliant. 165 patients continued the therapy with proper follow up, out of which 11 patients discontinued the therapy due to adverse events and 154 patients completed the therapy i.e 24 weeks. 150/154 patients showed positive response and 4 patients showed negative results against therapy. All patients were treated with SOF (once daily) plus RBV (trice a daily). Results: Results of this study came out to be: 150/154 (97 %) patients showed positive response against Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin out of which 59 (36 %) were male and 91 (61 %) were female. Conclusion: Sofosbuvir showed good results against HCV patients infected with 3a genotype in Pakistan.Item Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of stem and leaves of murraya koenigii(UMT, Lhr, 2017) M Waqar-ul-AminThe extraction of essential oil from the leaves and stems of Murraya koenigii L.was carried out through hydro-distillation by using modified Dean Stark apparatus. The essential oils were obtained and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The percentage yields were 0.17% and 0.12% for leaves and stems of Murraya koenigii L. respectively. The essential oil from the stem has been extracted first time as there is no reported literature. The essential oils were analysed by GC-MS and components were identified by the library stored data. GC-MS analysis revealed 54 components out of which 25 components were identified from leaves; while 18 components out of which 48 were identified of the essential oil of stem of Murrya koengii L.The major constituents in the leaves were (-)-Spathulenol, Caryophy.llene, 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)-, α-Caryophyllene while major constituents in the stem were Caryophyllene oxide, Tetradecane, 2, 6, 10- trimethyl-, Globulol and Heptadecane.The antioxidant activity of the essential oil of the leaves of Murraya koenigii L. was measured through DPPH scavenging activity.It shows 88% activity as compared to standards. Plant leaves and stem cuts can be used in food which will be effective as antioxidant and as well as antimicrobial but its essential oil can also be used in prepration of antioxidant and anti microbial medisons.Item Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological application of metal complexes with the schiff base derived by the condensation of 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole(UMT, Lhr, 2017) SHUMILA AZAMA novel Schiff base 2-(((4H-pyrazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-6-ethoxyphenol is synthesized by condensation reaction between 3-Ethoxy Salicylaldehyde and 4-amino-1,2,4-Triazole. Further five metal complexes are prepared by the reaction between Schiff base and metallic salts. The prepared compounds are being characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Uv-Vis spectroscopy and conductance measurement. Schiff base and its metal complexes are soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. Molar conductance values showed that they are non-electrolytes The characteristic peaks of FT-IR appeared at 1600 cm-1 for ligand which confirms the presence of azomethine group (-N=CH). While the signal appeared at 9.206 ppm on 1H-NMR spectrum of ligand is characteristic for azomethine group. Uv-Vis spectrum of ligand showed λmax at 295 nm. Schiff base and its metal complexes are evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Well diffusion method is used to observe their antibacterial activity. Results indicated that ligand and its metal complexes are good antimicrobial agents. Zinc complex showed highest activity among all the complexes.Item Surfactant assisted synthesis of nanocrystalline zno & mno powders and their bioactivites(UMT, Lhr, 2017) NAILA NAZEERZinc oxide and manganese oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method using poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as a surfactant, zinc sulphate (ZnSO4. 7 H2O) & manganese sulphate (MnSO4. H2O) as a precursor molecules. Different characterization techniques were used for the determination of size and morphology of synthesized nanoparticles such as X-ray diffraction photometer (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All the results confirmed that the surface of nanoparticles have sufficient compatibility with surfactant. These nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity against various bacterial strains. The nanoparticles were also used for the removal of toxic organic pollutants such as dye Methylene Blue under UV irradiation. The different operational parameters such as the initial concentration of the dye, weight of the photo catalyst, and pH on the photo catalytic degradation of the dye were investigated. Results proved that both nanoparticles act as very good catalyst for the effective degradation of Methylene Blue in the presence of sunlight. The as synthesized nanoparticles were also found to inhibit the activity of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals effectively. This research work revealved a simple and fast method for the preparation of ZnO & MnO nanoparticles with no need for expensive materials or complicated treatments.
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