Browsing by Author "Muhammad Jawad Shahbaz"

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    Patterns of uterine abnormalities and frequency of tubal blockage on Hysterosalpingography among women with primary and secondary infertility in population of Punjab Pakistan
    (UMT, Lahore, 2026) Noor Ul Ain; Hadia Hafeez; Mishma Mahmood; Muhammad Muneeb Nasir; Abdul Mateen; Muhammad Jawad Shahbaz
    Background: Infertility is a key reproductive health issue that affects millions of couples in the world and has great medical, psychological, and social implications. Among the female factors that are the most significant causes of infertility, structural abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes are considered. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an imaging modality that is commonly employed as the first-line tool of assessing the morphology of the uterine cavity and the patency of tubes in infertile women. The objective of the current research was to establish the trend of uterine abnormalities and prevalence of tubal blockage identified on hysterosalpingography in women with both primary and secondary infertile women at Punjab, Pakistan. Aim: The research will attempt to evaluate the trends of uterine abnormality and incidence of fallopian tube obstruction using hysterosalpingography (HSG) on women with primary and secondary infertility. It will also make a comparison of HSG in the two groups of the Pakistani population. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study in a hospital and it was done at the Department of Radiology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. The study included 175 infertile women aged 18 to 45 years who had HSG to determine their infertility issues through the use of consecutive sampling. It was done based on a structured proforma; data on demographic characteristics, reproductive history, and HSG findings were collected and analyzed through SPSS. Results: Majority of the respondents were aged between 29 and 39 years (60.6), primary infertility (51.4) was slightly more prevalent than secondary infertility (48.6), with an infertility period of mainly 1-5 years (72.6). Most of them (72) had regular menstrual cycles, with the most frequent ones being 22-25 days (48.6). In 67.4, HSG revealed normal uterine cavity in 67.4 percent and abnormalities in 32.6 percent, congenital abnormalities in 26.3 percent, mostly arcuate uterus (19.4%). In terms of tube status, the right tube was found to be patent in 59.4 and left tube patent 65.1 and both proximal and distal obstructions were noted. The peritoneal spill was bilateral in the 45.7, unilateral in 31.4 and not present in 22.9. In total, abnormal HSG results were more common (74.3%), tubal pathology was the most common (32.6%), combined (21.1) and uterine abnormalities were the most common (20.6%). The type of infertility was significantly correlated with the HSG findings ( p = 0.035). vii Conclusion: The most frequent abnormal observation in infertile women undergoing HSG was found in tubal pathology especially secondary infertility. The results provide a strong case in favor of the use of hysterosalpingography as an effective and inexpensive diagnostic instrument in measuring uterine and tubal factors that cause infertility particularly in resource constrained environments.